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Regulation has become a key form of state activity and an area of burgeoning academic concern, both in public law and economics. This text considers the central topics of regulation looking to theory as well as practice.

Trade regulation --- Independent regulatory commissions --- Commissions, Independent regulatory --- Commissions of the federal government --- Independent administrative agencies --- Independent agencies --- Quasi-judicial agencies --- Regulatory agencies --- Regulatory commissions --- Administrative agencies --- Administrative law --- Insurance commissioners

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Hauptbeschreibung In allen ausdifferenzierten Gesellschaften sind die Organisation und die Erfüllung kollektiver Aufgaben zu bewältigen. Die Delegation an spezialisierte Organisationen stellt eine institutionelle Antwort auf die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen dar. Bekannte Beispiele sind Notenbanken und Wettbewerbsbehörden. Unabhängige Organisationen sind mächtige Akteure, die nicht nur Wissens- und Spezialisierungsvorteile nutzen, sondern ihre Macht auch gegen die Interessen der Gesellschaftsmitglieder einsetzen oder einzelne Gruppen bevorzugen können. In demokratischen System

Independent regulatory commissions. --- Commissions, Independent regulatory --- Commissions of the federal government --- Independent administrative agencies --- Independent agencies --- Quasi-judicial agencies --- Regulatory agencies --- Regulatory commissions --- Administrative agencies --- Administrative law --- Insurance commissioners

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With reportedly over USD50 billion lost annually through graft and illicit practices, combating corruption in Africa has been challenging. However, laws and policies at the continental, regional and national levels have been promulgated and enacted by African leaders. These initiatives have included the establishment of anti-corruption agencies mandated to tackle graft at national level, as well as coordinate bodies at regional and continental levels to ensure the harmonisation of normative standards and the adoption of best practices in the fight against corruption. Yet, given the disparity between the apparent impunity enjoyed by public servants and the anti-corruption rhetoric of governments in the region, the effectiveness of these agencies is viewed with scepticism. This continent-wide study of anti-corruption agencies aims to gauge their relevance and effectiveness by assessing their independence, mandate, available resources, national ownership, capacities and strategic positioning. These surveys include evidence-based recommendations calling for stronger, more relevant and effective institutions that are directly aligned to regional and continental anti-corruption frameworks, such as the African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (AUCPCC), which the three countries in this current report - Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda - have all ratified.

Corruption --- Misconduct in office --- Prevention. --- Malfeasance in office --- Misfeasance in office --- Official misconduct --- Corrupt practices --- Independent regulatory commissions --- Political corruption --- Boss rule --- Corruption (in politics) --- Graft in politics --- Malversation --- Political scandals --- Politics, Practical --- Commissions, Independent regulatory --- Commissions of the federal government --- Independent administrative agencies --- Independent agencies --- Quasi-judicial agencies --- Regulatory agencies --- Regulatory commissions --- Administrative agencies --- Administrative law --- Insurance commissioners --- Evaluation. --- Administrative responsibility --- Ethics

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The Political Accountability of EU and US Independent Regulatory Agencies is an in-depth investigation on the law and practices of the political accountability arrangements of the 35 EU and 16 US independent agencies. The comparative analysis demonstrates similarities between the political accountability arsenals and challenges to political oversight in the EU and the US. The greatest differences are revealed in the organization of the political accountability of independent agencies, id est, ‘excessive diversity in the EU vs. uniformity in the US’, and the design of accountability obligations. Based on comparative insights, the book concludes with three recommendations on how the EU agencies’ political accountability could be adjusted in the ongoing reform on agencies’ creation and operation.

Government --- European Union --- United States --- Independent regulatory commissions --- Government accountability --- Commissions, Independent regulatory --- Commissions of the federal government --- Independent administrative agencies --- Independent agencies --- Quasi-judicial agencies --- Regulatory agencies --- Regulatory commissions --- Administrative agencies --- Administrative law --- Insurance commissioners --- Accountability in government --- Public administration --- Responsibility --- Political aspects

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Administrative law --- France --- Public administration --- Ombudspersons --- Mediation --- Administration publique (Science) --- Ombudsman --- Médiation --- Independent regulatory commissions --- -Administrative law --- -Communication Communicatie --- Pouvoirs dans l'Etat Machten binnen de Staat --- Libertés Vrijheden --- Organismes administratifs Overheidsorganisaties --- Ombudsman Ombudsman --- Administration --- Law, Administrative --- Public law --- Constitutional law --- Commissions, Independent regulatory --- Commissions of the federal government --- Independent administrative agencies --- Independent agencies --- Quasi-judicial agencies --- Regulatory agencies --- Regulatory commissions --- Administrative agencies --- Insurance commissioners --- Law and legislation --- Médiation --- Communication Communicatie --- Independent regulatory commissions - France --- Administrative law - France