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The confinement mechanism of the quarks in QCD is one of the most challenging and open problems in physics. Confinement is a nonperturbative phenomenon, and a definite way to handle it has not yet been found in field theory. There are lattice calculations that can produce the low-lying states of the spectrum and "measure" many important physical quantities, but nevertheless the development of analytical techniques is of extreme importance for understanding the physics involved in confinement. In this respect it is important to test the results obtained directly from the theory (Bethe-Salpeter
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Quark confinement --- Hadrons --- Quantum chromodynamics --- Confinement of quarks --- Quarks
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This book provides an update on our understanding of strong interaction, with theoretical and experimental highlights included. It is divided into five sections. The first section is devoted to the investigations into and the latest results on the mechanism of quark confinement. The second and third sections focus respectively on light and heavy quarks (effective field theories, Schwinger-Dyson approach and lattice QCD results). The fourth section deals with the deconfinement mechanism and quark-gluon plasma formation signals. The last section presents highlights of experiments, new physics be
Quark confinement --- Hadrons --- Quantum chromodynamics --- Confinement of quarks --- Quarks
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V N Gribov, one of the founders of modern particle physics, shaped our understanding of QCD as the microscopic dynamics of hadrons. This volume collects his papers on quark confinement, showing the road he followed to arrive at the theory and formulating the theory itself. It begins with papers providing a beautiful physical explanation of asymptotic freedom based on the phenomenon of antiscreening and demonstrating the inconsistency of the standard perturbative treatment of the gluon fields (Gribov copies, Gribov horizon). It continues with papers presenting the Gribov theory according to wh
Quark confinement. --- Quarks. --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Partons --- Quark-gluon interactions --- Confinement of quarks --- Quarks
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Gauge fields (Physics) --- Quark confinement. --- Quantum chromodynamics. --- Hadron interactions. --- Champs de jauge (Physique) --- Chromodynamique quantique --- Hadron interactions
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At a fundamental level, the interaction of quarks with gluon fields lies at the heart of our understanding of the strong nuclear force. Experimentally, however, we only observe physical hadrons such as protons and pions. This book explores the fascinating physics involved in the path between these contrasting pictures of the world. Along the way, the book discusses symmetries, which play a crucial role in understanding the parameters of the theory, and details of the spectrum of physical particles".
Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Quark-gluon interactions. --- Quark confinement. --- Chiralité (physique nucléaire) --- Interactions quark-gluon. --- Quarks --- Chirality. --- Confinement --- Confinement.
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Symétrie (physique) --- Quarks --- Leptons. --- Hadrons. --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Quark confinement --- Pair production --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Hadrons --- Confinement.
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Elementary particles --- 539.12 <063> --- -Quark confinement --- Confinement of quarks --- Elementary and simple particles (charge less than 3 including alpha-rays, beta-rays, gamma-rays as individual particles or as radiation)--Congressen --- Quark confinement --- 539.12 <063> Elementary and simple particles (charge less than 3 including alpha-rays, beta-rays, gamma-rays as individual particles or as radiation)--Congressen --- Field theory (Physics) --- 530.19 <063> --- Quarks --- 530.19 <063> Fundamental functions in general. Potential. Gradient. Intensity. Capacity etc.--Congressen --- Fundamental functions in general. Potential. Gradient. Intensity. Capacity etc.--Congressen --- Congresses --- Congresses.
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This monograph expounds on general Yang-Mills symmetry, a new symmetry based on arbitrary vector gauge functions and Hamilton's characteristic phase functions in the gauge transformations of Abelian and non-Abelian groups. General Yang-Mills symmetry includes the conventional gauge symmetries as special cases and is useful for describing phenomena at scales ranging from the super-macroscopic such as dark matter, to the ultra-microscopic such as the quantum 3-body problem of baryons. Moreover, this symmetry supports the Broader Particle-Cosmology framework based on particle physics and quantum Yang-Mills gravity in flat space-time, which can explain why the gravitational force is always attractive. This volume also discusses how CPT invariance in particle physics suggests a "Big Jets" model for the birth of the universe, proposing one explanation for the dearth of anti-matter in our universe. Finally, we discuss a simplified quantum shell model for N baryons with a quark Hamiltonian and a Sonine-Laguerre equation that gives reasonable eigenvalues for the energies of the 29 N baryons.
Yang-Mills theory. --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Gravitation. --- Quark confinement. --- Antimatter. --- Quantum cosmology. --- Dark energy (Astronomy) --- Quantum field theory. --- Yang-Mills, Théorie de. --- Symétrie (physique) --- Gravitation. --- Quarks --- Antimatière. --- Cosmologie quantique. --- Énergie sombre (astronomie) --- Expansion de l'univers. --- Théorie quantique des champs. --- Confinement. --- Universe. --- Evolution
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This book collects contributions to the Special Issue entitled "Symmetries in Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Physics" of the journal Symmetry. These contributions focus on recent advancements in the study of PT–invariance of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, the supersymmetric quantum mechanics of relativistic and non-relativisitc systems, duality transformations for power–law potentials and conformal transformations. New aspects on the spreading of wave packets are also discussed.
Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- non-Hermitian quantum dynamics --- unitary vicinity of exceptional points --- degenerate perturbation theory --- Hilbert-space geometry near EPs --- relativistic wave equation --- Klein-Gordon equation --- Dirac equation --- Proca equation --- supersymmetry --- quantum mechanics --- shape invariance --- curved space --- position-dependent mass --- supersymmetric quantum mechanics --- self-adjoint extensions --- infinite square well --- contact potentials --- power-law duality --- classical and quantum mechanics --- semiclassical quantization --- quark confinement --- spreading wave function --- scattering --- localization --- Klein-Gordon oscillator --- Green's function --- semiclassical theories and applications --- classical general relativity --- non-Hermitian quantum dynamics --- unitary vicinity of exceptional points --- degenerate perturbation theory --- Hilbert-space geometry near EPs --- relativistic wave equation --- Klein-Gordon equation --- Dirac equation --- Proca equation --- supersymmetry --- quantum mechanics --- shape invariance --- curved space --- position-dependent mass --- supersymmetric quantum mechanics --- self-adjoint extensions --- infinite square well --- contact potentials --- power-law duality --- classical and quantum mechanics --- semiclassical quantization --- quark confinement --- spreading wave function --- scattering --- localization --- Klein-Gordon oscillator --- Green's function --- semiclassical theories and applications --- classical general relativity
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