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Linguistic theories often suffer from the dilemma that their explanatory power is based on extra-linguistic assumptions. The book delineates the essence of linguistic theory and linguistic explanation and, in doing so, proposes a solution to the dilemma. Simultaneously, the book is one of the first attempts to profile the philosophy of linguistics as a distinct sub-discipline of the contemporary philosophy of science.

Explanation (Linguistics) --- Philosophy of Linguistics, Quantitative Linguistics, Linguistic Explanation and Description.

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This book provides a quantifiable measure and analysis of absolute complexity in the nominal inflection of 17 Alemannic dialects, of standard German as well as of Middle and Old High German. The data is based on grammatical descriptions. What can be interpreted as being more or less complex in a language system is deduced from LFG (Lexical-Functional Grammar) and from an inferential-realisational morphological framework. The tool to measure inflectional complexity is also developed from these frameworks. Variation in the inflectional complexity is analysed based on the following factors: diachrony, isolation, language contact, standardisation, and dialect groups.

Linguistics --- German language --- Inflection. --- lfg --- alemannic dialects --- inferential-realisational morphological framework --- quantitative linguistics --- nominal inflection --- absolute complexity --- Artikel (Wortart) --- Flexion --- Genus --- Komplexität --- Paradigma --- Personalpronomen --- Plural --- Possessiv --- Stress

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Over the past two decades, statistical and other quantitative concepts, models and methods have been increasingly gaining importance and interest in all areas of linguistics and text analysis, as well as in a number of neighboring disciplines and areas of application. The term "quantitative linguistics" comprises all scientific and technical approaches which use such terms and methods in the analysis of or work with language(s), texts and other related subjects. The 71 articles in this handbook, written by internationally-recognized experts, offer a broad, up-to-date overview of the scientific-theoretical principles, the history, the diversity of the subject areas studied, the methods and models used, the results obtained thus far and their applications. The articles are divided up into thirteen chapters: the first chapter includes contributions on the basic principles and the history of the field, nine additional chapters are dedicated to individual descriptions of the levels of linguistic research (from phonology to pragmatics) as well as typological, diachronic and geolinguistic questions. The next two chapters include a description of important models, hypotheses and principles; selected areas of application; and references to neighboring disciplines. The last portion of the handbook is an informative contribution, with information about publication forums, bibliographies, major projects, Internet links, etc. This handbook is useful not only for researchers, teachers and students of all branches of linguistics and the philologies, but also for scientists in neighboring fields, whose theoretical and empirical research touches on linguistic questions (for instance, psychology and sociology), or for those who want to make use of the proven methods or results from quantitative linguistics in their own research. Statistische und andere quantitative Konzepte, Modelle und Verfahren gewinnen seit nunmehr zwei Jahrzehnten in allen Bereichen der Sprach- und Textwissenschaften und einer Reihe von Nachbardisziplinen sowie Anwendungsgebieten zunehmend Bedeutung und Interesse. Unter der Bezeichnung "Quantitative Linguistik" fasst man alle wissenschaftlichen und technischen Ansätze zusammen, die solche Begriffe und Methoden bei der Analyse von bzw. bei der Arbeit mit Sprache(n), Texten und verwandten Gegenständen anwenden. Die 71 Beiträge zu diesem Handbuch, die von weltweit anerkannten Fachleuten verfasst wurden, bieten einen breiten und aktuellen Überblick über die wissenschaftstheoretischen Grundlagen, die Geschichte, die Vielfalt der untersuchten Gegenstandsbereiche, über die verwendeten Methoden und Modelle und über bisher gewonnene Resultate und ihre Anwendungen. Die Artikel sind in 13 Kapitel gegliedert: Im ersten sind Beiträge zu den Grundlagen und zur Geschichte zusammengefasst, 9 weitere Kapitel widmen sich Einzeldarstellungen zu den linguistischen Untersuchungsebenen (von der Phonologie bis zur Pragmatik) sowie zu typologischen, diachronen und geolinguistischen Fragestellungen. Eine Darstellung von wichtigen Modellen, Hypothesen und Gesetzen, von ausgewählten Anwendungsgebieten und Bezügen zu Nachbardisziplinen folgt in zwei eigenen Kapiteln. Den Abschluss bildet ein informativer Beitrag mit Informationen über Publikationsforen, Bibliographien, Großprojekten, Internetlinks etc. Adressaten des Handbuchs sind neben Forschern, Lehrenden und Studierenden aller Zweige der Sprachwissenschaften einschließlich und der Philologien auch Wissenschaftler benachbarter Fächer, deren theoretische und empirische Forschung sprachwissenschaftliche Fragen berührt (wie Psychologie und Soziologie) bzw. die bewährte Methoden oder Resultate aus der quantitativen Linguistik für die eigenen Fragestellungen nutzbar machen wollen.

Mathematical linguistics --- Mathematical linguistics. --- Algebraic linguistics --- Language and languages --- Linguistics --- Linguistics, Mathematical --- Applied linguistics --- Information theory --- Computational linguistics --- Statistical methods --- Mathematical models --- Linguistics. --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Quantitative linguistics. --- LINGUISTIQUE QUANTITATIVE --- GUIDES, MANUELS, ETC.

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The book presents methods for the objective analysis of poetic language. Common objects of literary studies such as rhythm, semantic explications, interpretation and personal impressions are avoided. Only those properties of poetic texts are taken into account that could be quantified. The major chapters contain the analysis of phonic phenomena (frequency, euphony, assonance, alliteration, aggregation, rhyme), word properties (aspects of frequency, length, richness, word classes, sequences of word properties, characterisations). The synergetic control cycle is the result of the study of mutual links between properties. For all methods both statistical tests (evaluation, comparison), theoretical derivations (models), and examples are presented. The book is dedicated to the work of the famous Romanian poet Mihai Eminescu whose complete work was analysed, which made detailed illustrations of the method possible. The methods can be used mutatis mutandis for any language and text. It is the first comprehensive quantitative analysis of a poetic work.

Romanian literature --- Balkan literature --- Statistical methods. --- Data processing. --- Eminescu, Mihai, --- Eminescu, Mihai --- Eminescu, Mihail --- Eminesco, Michel --- Eminovici, Mihail --- Eminovicz, Michael --- Technique. --- quantitative linguistics. --- quantitative text analysis, poetics, statistical methodology.

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The present volume presents objective methods to detect and analyse various forms of repetitions. Repetition of textual elements is more than a superficial phenomenon. It may even be considered as constitutive for units and relations in a text: on a primary level when no other way exists to establish a unit – as in a musical composition (a motif can be recognised as such only after at least one repetition) – and on a secondary, artistic level, where repetition is a consequence of the transfer of the equivalence principle from the paradigmatic axis to the syntagmatic one as showed by R. Jakobson. The analysis of repetitive elements and structures in texts with objective mathematical means can serve several practical and theoretical purposes, among them: Characterisation of texts by means of parameters (measures, indicators) as taken from established mathematical statistics or specifically constructed ones in individual cases. Comparison of texts on the basis of their quantitative characteristics and classification of the texts by the results. Research for the laws of text, which control the mechanisms connected to text creation. As a remote aim, the construction of a theory of text consisting of a system of text laws. The final attempt of every possible quantitative text analysis is the construction of a text theory. The book illustrates this on examples of such laws and corresponding empirical tests.

Linguistics -- Methodology. --- Linguistics -- Statistical methods. --- Repetition (Rhetoric). --- Writing -- Mathematical models. --- Writing --- Repetition (Rhetoric) --- Linguistics --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Language and languages --- Rhetoric --- Literary style --- Chirography --- Handwriting --- Ciphers --- Penmanship --- Mathematical models --- Statistical methods --- Methodology --- Mathematical models. --- Statistical methods. --- Methodology. --- Linguistics, Statistical --- Statistical linguistics --- Mathematical linguistics --- Statistique linguistique. --- Linguistique --- Méthodologie. --- quantitative linguistics, repetition analysis. --- quantitative text analysis, statistical methodology.