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The history of Pythagoreanism is littered with different and incompatible interpretations, to the point that Kahn (1974) suggested that, instead of another thesis on Pythagoreanism, it would be preferable to assess traditions with the aim of producing a good historiographical presentation. This almost fourty-year-old observation by Kahn, directs the author of this book towards a fundamentally historiographical rather than philological brand of work, that is, one neither exclusively devoted to the exegesis of sources such as Philolaus, Archytas or even of one of the Hellenistic Lives nor even to the theoretical approach of one of the themes that received specific contributions from Pythagoreanism, such as mathematics, cosmology, politics or theories of the soul. Instead, this monograph sets out to reconstruct the way in which the tradition established Pythagoreanism’s image, facing one of the central problems that characterizes Pythagoreanism more than other ancient philosophical movements: the drastically shifting terrain of the criticism of the sources. The goal of this historiographical approach is to embrace Pythagoreanism in its entirety, through - and not in spite of - its complex articulation across more than a millennium.

History of philosophy --- Pythagoras --- Pythagoriciens --- Histoire --- Historiographie --- Pythagore, --- Pythagoras. --- Influence --- Pitágora --- Pitagora di Samo --- Pitágoras --- Pitágoras de Samos --- Pythagore --- Πυθαγόρας --- فيثاغورس --- Historiographie. --- Histoire. --- Historiography of Ancient Thought. --- History of Ancient Philosophy. --- Philosophie der Antike. --- Presocratics. --- Pythagoreanism. --- Pythagoreismus. --- Vorsokratiker. --- PHILOSOPHY / History & Surveys / Ancient & Classical.

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The purpose of the conference “On Pythagoreanism”, held in Brasilia in 2011, was to bring together leading scholars from all over the world to define the status quaestionis for the ever-increasing interest and research on Pythagoreanism in the 21st century. The papers included in this volume exemplify the variety of topics and approaches now being used to understand the polyhedral image of one of the most fascinating and long-lasting intellectual phenomena in Western history. Cornelli’s paper opens the volume by charting the course of Pythagorean studies over the past two centuries. The remaining contributions range chronologically from Pythagoras and the early Pythagoreans of the archaic period (6th-5th centuries BCE) through the classical, hellenistic and late antique periods, to the eighteenth century. Thematically they treat the connections of Pythagoreanism with Orphism and religion, with mathematics, metaphysics and epistemology and with politics and the Pythagorean way of life.

Philosophy, Ancient --- Pythagoras and Pythagorean school --- Pythagorean theorem --- Pythagoras' theorem --- Pythagorean proposition --- Theorem, Pythagorean --- Geometry, Plane --- Plato --- Pythagoras --- Platon --- Aflāṭūn --- Aplaton --- Bolatu --- Platonas --- Platone --- Po-la-tʻu --- Pʻŭllatʻo --- Pʻŭllatʻon --- Pʻuratʻon --- Πλάτων --- אפלטון --- פלאטא --- פלאטאן --- פלאטו --- أفلاطون --- 柏拉圖 --- 플라톤 --- Платон --- プラトン --- Pitágora --- Pitagora di Samo --- Pitágoras --- Pitágoras de Samos --- Pythagore --- Πυθαγόρας --- فيثاغورس --- Presocratics. --- Pythagoras. --- Pythagoreanism.

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"Two simple yet tremendously powerful ideas that shaped virtually every aspect of civilizationThis book is a breathtaking examination of the two greatest ideas in human history. The first is the idea that the human mind can grasp the universe. The second is the idea that the human mind can grasp itself. Acclaimed philosopher Linda Zagzebski shows how the first unleashed a cultural awakening that swept across the world in the first millennium BCE, giving birth to philosophy, mathematics, science, and virtually all the major world religions. It dominated until the Renaissance, when the discovery of subjectivity profoundly transformed the arts and sciences. This second great idea governed our perception of reality up until the dawn of the twenty-first century.Zagzebski explores how the interplay of the two ideas led to conflicts that have left us ambivalent about the relationship between the mind and the universe, and have given rise to a host of moral and political rifts over the deepest questions human beings face. Should we organize civil society around the ideal of living in harmony with the world or that of individual autonomy? Zagzebski explains how these two powerful ideas continue to divide us today over issues such as abortion, the environment, free speech, and racial and gender identity.This panoramic book reveals what is missing in our conception of ourselves and the world, and imagines a not-too-distant future when a third great idea, the idea that human minds can grasp each other, will help us gain an idea of the whole of reality"-- "In The Two Greatest Ideas, Linda Zagzebski tells the history of two hugely impactful ideas and their crucial role in shaping human culture over the last two thousand years. These ideas, Zagzebski argues, underlie virtually all of the intellectual innovations of human civilization, yet are so simple they are almost invisible. The first idea is that the human mind is capable of grasping the universe. The second is that the human mind is capable of grasping itself. Based on a series of lectures given in 2018 at Soochow University, Zagzebski offers an ambitious, big-history narrative of the emergence and influence of these two ideas and the tension and conflict between them. The idea that the human mind can grasp the universe had a significant influence on culture in many parts of the world in the first millennium BCE, giving rise to physics, mathematics, philosophy, and most major religions. In the early modern period, however, particularly in the West, the idea that the human mind can grasp itself supplanted some of the wider focus and popularity of the idea that human mind can grasp the universe, revealing something important was missing, namely, the subjectivity of minds. This transformation was reflected in radical changes in philosophy, political thought, art, literature, religion, and science. In this book, Zagzebski provides a new frame for understanding the intellectual underpinnings of Western culture and thought through an illuminating exploration of the history and contemporary legacy of these two great ideas (including reflections on their history in Eastern thought). Zagzebski also reveals the deep roots of some familiar divisions in contemporary culture (e.g. autonomy versus harmony, and rights versus responsibilities) as they relate to the great ideas. The book then concludes with a discussion of what reconciling the two great ideas might entail, including the possibility of a third great idea"--

Philosophy of mind. --- Advocacy. --- Ambivalence. --- Analogy. --- Aristotelianism. --- Atheism. --- Availability. --- Awareness. --- Big O notation. --- Brahman. --- Certainty. --- City Of. --- Concept. --- Consciousness. --- Creative work. --- Critique of Pure Reason. --- Culture. --- David Hume. --- Direct evidence. --- Discourse. --- Empiricism. --- Epic poetry. --- Epistemology. --- Ethics. --- Excellence. --- Explanation. --- Flourishing. --- Free will. --- God. --- Good and evil. --- Great chain of being. --- Greatness. --- Human nature. --- Humility. --- Idealism. --- Imagination. --- Individual. --- Instant. --- Institution. --- Intersubjectivity. --- Invention. --- Legitimacy (political). --- Logical positivism. --- Major religious groups. --- Megali Idea. --- Metaphysics. --- Modernity. --- Moral absolutism. --- Morality. --- National identity. --- Objectivity (philosophy). --- Objectivity (science). --- Odor. --- On Virtue. --- Oration on the Dignity of Man. --- Originality. --- Palate. --- Paradigm shift. --- Person. --- Personality. --- Personhood. --- Phenomenon. --- Philosopher. --- Philosophy. --- Plotinus. --- Political Liberalism. --- Primary/secondary quality distinction. --- Proposition. --- Public morality. --- Pythagoreanism. --- Quantity. --- Rationality. --- Reality. --- Reason. --- Religion. --- Respect for persons. --- Right to life. --- Science. --- Self-Reliance. --- Self-concept. --- Self-governance. --- Self-ownership. --- Sensibility. --- Solidity. --- Subjectivity. --- The Most Excellent. --- The New Science. --- Theism. --- Theology. --- Theory. --- Thought. --- Transcendental idealism. --- Truth value. --- Underpinning. --- Understanding. --- Uniqueness. --- Universal value. --- Utopia. --- Virtue. --- Vocabulary. --- Well-being.

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The two studies, "Indivisible Magnitudes," and "Aristotle and Epicurus on Voluntary Action," explain two doctrines in the philosophy of Epicurus, first by a detailed examination of the ancient Greek and Latin texts which describe them, and second by showing how earlier Greek philosophy gave rise to the problems Epicurus tackled.Originally published in 1967.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Free will and determinism. --- Atomism. --- Aristotle. --- Epicurus. --- A Treatise of Human Nature. --- Ad Infinitum. --- Ad hominem. --- Analogy. --- Anaxagoras. --- Anaximander. --- Antinomy. --- Apatheia. --- Apprehension (understanding). --- Archytas. --- Argument from analogy. --- Aristotelian ethics. --- Aristotelianism. --- Atomic theory. --- C. D. Broad. --- Causality. --- Chronos. --- Chrysippus. --- Clinamen. --- Concept. --- Consciousness. --- Contradiction. --- Cosmological argument. --- Counting. --- Critique. --- David Hume. --- De Motu (Berkeley's essay). --- Democritus. --- Dichotomy. --- Diodorus Cronus. --- Diogenes of Oenoanda. --- Empedocles. --- Epicureanism. --- Epistemology. --- Eudemian Ethics. --- Eurytus (Pythagorean). --- Existence. --- Explanation. --- Fallacy. --- Fatalism. --- Four causes. --- Gettier problem. --- Greek Philosophy. --- Greek mathematics. --- Hedonism. --- Hypothesis. --- Inference. --- Infinite divisibility. --- Infinitesimal. --- Instant. --- Ipso facto. --- Irrationality. --- J. L. Austin. --- Leucippus. --- Lucretius. --- Mathematical problem. --- Monism. --- Nicomachean Ethics. --- Number theory. --- Numerology. --- Objection (argument). --- On the Soul. --- Parmenides. --- Philodemus. --- Philosopher. --- Philosophy. --- Platonism. --- Polemic. --- Potentiality and actuality. --- Praeparatio evangelica. --- Protrepticus (Aristotle). --- Pseudo-Plutarch. --- Pythagoreanism. --- S. (Dorst novel). --- Sextus Empiricus. --- Simulacrum. --- Speusippus. --- Stobaeus. --- Substance theory. --- Suggestion. --- Syllogism. --- Teleology. --- The Philosopher. --- The Simulacra. --- Themistius. --- Theophrastus. --- Theoretical physics. --- Theory of Forms. --- Theory. --- Thought. --- Timaeus (dialogue). --- Treatise. --- Units of measurement. --- Voluntariness. --- Xenocrates. --- Zeno of Elea. --- Zeno's paradoxes.

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In recent years, most political theorists have agreed that shame shouldn't play any role in democratic politics because it threatens the mutual respect necessary for participation and deliberation. But Christina Tarnopolsky argues that not every kind of shame hurts democracy. In fact, she makes a powerful case that there is a form of shame essential to any critical, moderate, and self-reflexive democratic practice. Through a careful study of Plato's Gorgias, Tarnopolsky shows that contemporary conceptions of shame are far too narrow. For Plato, three kinds of shame and shaming practices were possible in democracies, and only one of these is similar to the form condemned by contemporary thinkers. Following Plato, Tarnopolsky develops an account of a different kind of shame, which she calls "respectful shame." This practice involves the painful but beneficial shaming of one's fellow citizens as part of the ongoing process of collective deliberation. And, as Tarnopolsky argues, this type of shame is just as important to contemporary democracy as it was to its ancient form. Tarnopolsky also challenges the view that the Gorgias inaugurates the problematic oppositions between emotion and reason, and rhetoric and philosophy. Instead, she shows that, for Plato, rationality and emotion belong together, and she argues that political science and democratic theory are impoverished when they relegate the study of emotions such as shame to other disciplines.

Democracy - Philosophy. --- Democracy -- Philosophy. --- Plato. --- Plato. Gorgias. --- Shame - Political aspects. --- Shame -- Political aspects. --- Shame --- Democracy --- Philosophy --- Philosophy & Religion --- Political aspects --- Political aspects. --- Philosophy. --- Emotions --- Guilt --- Ad hominem. --- Allan Bloom. --- Ambiguity. --- Ambivalence. --- Anger. --- Aristotle. --- Athenian Democracy. --- Bernard Williams. --- Callicles. --- Catamite. --- Charmides (dialogue). --- Child abuse. --- Civility. --- Conflation. --- Controversy. --- Criticism. --- Critique. --- Crito. --- Deliberation. --- Demagogue. --- Dialectic. --- Dichotomy. --- Direction of fit. --- Disgust. --- Disposition. --- Distrust. --- Elitism. --- Embarrassment. --- False-consensus effect. --- Forensic rhetoric. --- Form of life (philosophy). --- Freedom of speech. --- Gorgias (dialogue). --- Gorgias. --- Grandiosity. --- Gregory Vlastos. --- Hannah Arendt. --- Hedonism. --- Hippias Major. --- Human Rights Watch. --- Humiliation. --- Ideology. --- Inference. --- Irony. --- Jon Elster. --- McGill University. --- Morality. --- Multitude. --- Myth. --- Nicomachean Ethics. --- Omnipotence. --- On the Soul. --- Ostracism. --- Pathos. --- Perversion. --- Phaedo. --- Phaedrus (dialogue). --- Phenomenon. --- Philosopher. --- Pity. --- Pleonexia. --- Political philosophy. --- Politics. --- Polus. --- Prejudice. --- Princeton University Press. --- Protagoras. --- Psychoanalysis. --- Psychotherapy. --- Public sphere. --- Pythagoreanism. --- Rationality. --- Reason. --- Reintegrative shaming. --- Republic (Plato). --- Result. --- Rhetoric. --- Self-criticism. --- Self-deception. --- Self-esteem. --- Self-image. --- Shame. --- Social stigma. --- Socratic (Community). --- Socratic method. --- Socratic. --- Sophism. --- Sophist. --- Suffering. --- Suggestion. --- Symposium (Plato). --- The Philosopher. --- Theory. --- Thought. --- Thrasymachus. --- Uncertainty. --- Vlastos. --- Vulnerability.