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Administrative law --- Flanders --- Administratieve rechtspraktijk --- Bestuur [openbaarheid van ] --- Openbaarheid van bestuur --- Public information --- Publicité de l'administration --- Publicité (administration) Openbaarheid (overheidsdiensten) --- #SBIB:35H510 --- #SBIB:340H30 --- Openbaarheid van bestuur, ombudsdienst, ... --- Staats- en administratief recht --- Openbaarheid van bestuur, ombudsdienst, .. --- Openbaarheid van bestuur, ombudsdienst,

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This book explores state responses to minority religions in four parts. The first chapter provides a legal and normative overview of the variety of responses available to states. Part II looks at Islamic majority countries, and part III focuses on Western Europe, paying particular attention to the rise in the twentieth century of the 'sect' and exploration of the European Court of Human Rights. Part IV shifts to the east, specifically analysing Russia and the Baltics. The book concludes with a look at state responses from non-European democracies, including different perspectives on the Canadi

Religion and state. --- State and religion --- State, The --- Religious aspects --- minority religions --- international legal norms --- international ethical norms --- state and minority religion --- the UN Human Rights Committee --- minority religions and Islam --- conversion --- national security --- Turkey --- Iran --- freedom of religion --- freedom of belief --- democracy --- Arabic states --- Indonesia --- religious harmony --- religious freedom --- Ahmadi persecution in Pakistan --- public policy --- Europe --- non-discrimination --- public information --- France --- sectarian deviations --- war on cults --- Switzerland --- post-communism --- new religious movements --- Baltic states --- the post-Soviet Russian state --- China --- Canada --- South-Africa --- protection of religious practices --- the right to self-determination

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This paper suggests a new factor that makes civil war more likely: the inability of political actors to make credible promises to broad segments of society. Lacking this ability, both elected and unelected governments pursue public policies that leave citizens less well-off and more prone to revolt. At the same time, these actors have a reduced ability to build an anti-insurgency capacity in the first place, since they are less able to prevent anti-insurgents from themselves mounting coups. But while reducing the risk of conflict overall, increasing credibility can, over some range, worsen the effects of natural resources and ethnic fragmentation on civil war. Empirical tests using various measures of political credibility support these conclusions.

Armed Conflict --- Citizen --- Citizens --- Civil War --- Conflict and Development --- Emerging Markets --- Ethnic Groups --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial Literacy --- Governance --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Labor Policies --- Natural Resources --- Parliamentary Government --- Policies --- Policy --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Political Parties --- Political Systems and Analysis --- Politics and Government --- Popular Support --- Population --- Population Policies --- Post Conflict Reconstruction --- Private Sector Development --- Progress --- Public Information --- Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures --- Quality of Education --- Secondary School --- Segments of Society --- Social Conditions --- Social Conflict and Violence --- Social Development --- Social Protections and Labor --- Wars

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The Environmental Noise Directive (END) requires that a five-year updating of noise maps is carried out to check and report on the changes that have occurred during the reference period. The updating process is usually achieved using a standardized approach consisting of collecting and processing information through acoustic models to produce the updated noise maps. This procedure is time consuming and costly, and has a significant impact on the financial statement of the authorities responsible for providing the maps. Furthermore, the END requires that easy-to-read noise maps are made available to the public to provide information on noise levels and the subsequent actions to be undertaken by local and central authorities to reduce noise impacts. In order to update the noise maps more easily and in a more effective way, it is convenient to design an integrated system incorporating real-time noise measurement and signal processing to identify and analyze the noise sources present in the mapping area (e.g., road traffic noise, leisure noise, etc.) as well as to automatically generate and present the corresponding noise maps. This wireless acoustic sensor network design requires transversal knowledge, from accurate hardware design for acoustic sensors to network structure design and management of the information with signal processing to identify the origin of the measured noise and graphical user interface application design to present the results to end users. This book is collection in which several views of methodology and technologies required for the development of an efficient wireless acoustic sensor network from the first stages of its design to the tests conducted during deployment, its final performance, and possible subsequent implications for authorities in terms of the definition of policies. Contributions include several LIFE and H2020 projects aimed at the design and implementation of intelligent acoustic sensor networks with a focus on the publication of good practices for the design and deployment of intelligent networks in other locations.

motor --- mechanical fault --- detection --- RMS --- sound --- drill --- safety --- pattern --- bearing --- fan --- shaft --- road traffic noise --- noise events --- intermittency ratio --- urban sites classification --- noise monitoring --- real-time noise mapping --- wireless sensor networks --- noise mapping --- noise mitigation --- DYNAMAP project --- outdoors noise --- sound level meter --- digital signal processing --- multirate filters --- dynamic noise maps --- anomalous noise events --- individual impact --- aggregate impact --- WASN --- sensor nodes --- urban and suburban environments --- noise control --- sensor concept --- road traffic noise model --- dynamic model --- acoustics --- smart cities --- deep learning --- long short-term memory --- temporal forecast --- p-u sensor --- p-p sensor --- noise --- Adrienne --- stabilization --- damping --- acoustic impedance --- road surfaces --- low-cost sensors --- networks --- noise sources --- regression analysis --- contribution analysis --- vehicle interior noise --- acoustic sensor design --- acoustic event detection --- map generation --- public information --- END --- CNOSSOS-EU

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Why do humans, uniquely among animals, cooperate in large numbers to advance projects for the common good? Contrary to the conventional wisdom in biology and economics, this generous and civic-minded behavior is widespread and cannot be explained simply by far-sighted self-interest or a desire to help close genealogical kin. In A Cooperative Species, Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis--pioneers in the new experimental and evolutionary science of human behavior--show that the central issue is not why selfish people act generously, but instead how genetic and cultural evolution has produced a species in which substantial numbers make sacrifices to uphold ethical norms and to help even total strangers. The authors describe how, for thousands of generations, cooperation with fellow group members has been essential to survival. Groups that created institutions to protect the civic-minded from exploitation by the selfish flourished and prevailed in conflicts with less cooperative groups. Key to this process was the evolution of social emotions such as shame and guilt, and our capacity to internalize social norms so that acting ethically became a personal goal rather than simply a prudent way to avoid punishment. Using experimental, archaeological, genetic, and ethnographic data to calibrate models of the coevolution of genes and culture as well as prehistoric warfare and other forms of group competition, A Cooperative Species provides a compelling and novel account of how humans came to be moral and cooperative.

Cooperation. --- Cooperativeness. --- Behavior evolution. --- Behavioral evolution --- Cooperation (Psychology) --- Collaborative economy --- Cooperative distribution --- Cooperative movement --- Distribution, Cooperative --- Peer-to-peer economy --- Sharing economy --- Evolutionary psychology --- Social psychology --- Economics --- Profit-sharing --- Cooperation --- Cooperativeness --- Behavior evolution --- E-books --- Australia. --- altruism. --- altruistic cooperation. --- altruistic punishment. --- ancestral humans. --- behavior. --- beliefs. --- coevolution. --- common good. --- constraints. --- coordinated punishment. --- correlated equilibrium. --- costly signaling. --- cultural transmission. --- culture. --- early humans. --- equilibrium selection. --- ethical norms. --- evolution. --- evolutionary dynamics. --- fitness-reducing norm. --- fitness. --- folk theorem. --- foragers. --- free-riders. --- free-riding. --- gene-culture coevolution. --- genetic differentiation. --- genetic inheritance. --- group competition. --- group membership. --- guilt. --- helping behavior. --- hostility. --- human cooperation. --- hunter-gatherer society. --- inclusive fitness. --- indirect reciprocity. --- institutions. --- intergroup conflict. --- internalization. --- multi-level selection. --- norms. --- parochial altruism. --- parochialism. --- peer pressure. --- phenotypic expression. --- positive assortment. --- preferences. --- prehistoric human society. --- private information. --- prosocial behavior. --- public goods game. --- public information. --- punishment. --- reciprocal altruism. --- repeated game. --- reproductive leveling. --- sacrifice. --- selective extinction. --- self-interest. --- shame. --- social behavior. --- social dilemmas. --- social emotions. --- social institutions. --- social interactions. --- social norms. --- social order. --- social preferences. --- socialization. --- sociobiology. --- strong reciprocity. --- within-group segmentation.