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Faute de pouvoir soigner les maladies, la médecine du XIXe siècle s'est employée à les prévenir. D'où le rôle central qu'y joue l'hygiène publique. Se donnant pour mission de supprimer les foyers d'infection qui minent la société. elle s'étend à tous les domaines : égouts et voiries. orientation et hauteur des bâtiments, alimentation et travail. pollution industrielle et urbaine, prisons. casernes, hôpitaux, mais aussi prostitution. alcoolisme, crimes. suicides, etc. Les préconisations des hygiénistes sont toujours les mêmes : faire circuler l'air et l'eau. désinfecter, vacciner. Mais ces avis ne sont pas toujours suivis d'effets. Dans nombre de pays européens. la vaccination et la revaccination sont obligatoires. En France. non. D'où ces deux paradoxes : qu'un pays qui a créé le mouvement d'hygiène publique moderne soit si lent à en appliquer les mesures ; que dans ce même pays. synonyme de centralisation et d'Etat fort, le gouvernement joue un rôle si limité dans la santé publique. A la fin du siècle, les médecins finissent par se faire élire eux-mêmes au Parlement afin de faire voter une législation sanitaire. Mais pour imposer les contraintes de santé publique. il leur faut abandonner l'idéologie libérale et en construire une autre. le solidarisme. La législation perdurera, pas l'idéologie. Aujourd'hui, les politiques de santé publique appliquées en France et en Angleterre sont diamétralement opposées : libérale chez nous, étatique là-bas. contrairement à toute attente.
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In Mission and Method Ann La Berge shows how the French public health movement developed within the socio-political context of the Bourbon Restoration and July Monarchy, and within the context of competing ideologies of liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and statism. The dialectic between liberalism, whose leading exponent was Villerme, and statism, the approach of Parent-Duchatelet, characterized the movement and was reflected in the tension between liberal and social medicine that permeated nineteenth-century French medical discourse. Professor La Berge also challenges the prevalent notion that the British were the leaders in the nineteenth-century public health movement and set the model for similar movements elsewhere. She argues that an active and influential French public health movement antedated the British and greatly influenced British public health leaders.
Public health --- Health Policy --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. --- Public Health --- History --- history --- History, 19th Century. --- 61 <09> "18" --- 61 <09> <44> --- 614 <09> --- -Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Sanitary affairs --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- 61 <09> <44> Geschiedenis van de geneeskunde--Frankrijk --- Geschiedenis van de geneeskunde--Frankrijk --- 61 <09> "18" Geschiedenis van de geneeskunde--19e eeuw. Periode 1800-1899 --- Geschiedenis van de geneeskunde--19e eeuw. Periode 1800-1899 --- 19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- 19th Cent. History of Medicine --- 19th Cent. Medicine --- Historical Events, 19th Century --- History, Nineteenth Century --- Medical History, 19th Cent. --- Medicine, 19th Cent. --- 19th Century History --- 19th Cent. Histories (Medicine) --- 19th Century Histories --- Cent. Histories, 19th (Medicine) --- Cent. History, 19th (Medicine) --- Century Histories, 19th --- Century Histories, Nineteenth --- Century History, 19th --- Century History, Nineteenth --- Histories, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Histories, 19th Century --- Histories, Nineteenth Century --- History, 19th Cent. (Medicine) --- Nineteenth Century Histories --- Nineteenth Century History --- history. --- Openbare gezondheidszorg--(zie ook {351.84})--Geschiedenis van ... --- -France. --- Miquelon and Saint Pierre --- Miquelon and St. Pierre --- St. Pierre and Miquelon --- Corsica --- Saint Pierre and Miquelon --- -19th Cent. History (Medicine) --- Community health --- History, 19th Century --- Openbare gezondheidszorg--(zie ook {351.84})--Geschiedenis van .. --- France. --- Openbare gezondheidszorg--(zie ook {351.84})--Geschiedenis van . --- Openbare gezondheidszorg--(zie ook {351.84})--Geschiedenis van --- Arts and Humanities --- History. --- Public health - France - History - 19th century. --- Health Policy - history - France. --- History of Medicine, 19th Cent. - France. --- Public Health - history - France.
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