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The contributors to this edited volume analyze and compare different kinds of citizens' initiatives, including both full scale initiatives and agenda initiatives, in eleven European democracies and the EU. The book provides a comprehensive account of the practices of citizens' initiatives in each case, including a description of the historical background of the citizens' initiatives and the political system in which they operate. Particular attention is paid to the institutional design of citizens' initiatives which largely explains how they function in different political contexts. Citizens Initiatives in Europe sheds light on issues relevant to democracy, for example, how citizens' initiatives influence patterns of political agenda-setting in representative democracies and how they contribute to the aspirations of participatory democracy.

Political systems --- Community organization --- Political sociology --- European Union --- Direct democracy --- Political participation --- Political planning --- Public administration --- Citizen participation --- Decision making --- European Citizens' Initiative --- Direct democracy - European Union countries --- Political participation - European Union countries --- Political planning - European Union countries - Citizen participation --- Public administration - European Union countries - Decision making - Citizen participation --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Ideologies / Democracy. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Government / National. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Policy / General. --- Citizen participation. --- European Citizens' Initiative.