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Toward More Accountable PPPs : A Review of the Development, Implementation, and Post-Implementation Experience of Improved Disclosure Practices in PPPs in Ghana, Honduras, Kenya, and Nigeria.
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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In the face of declining fiscal space and the need to build back better after the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, governments are turning to public-private partnerships (PPPs) to deliver infrastructure assets and services. Disclosure of information plays an important role in PPP programs. Several clients of the World Bank Group, including those with well-established PPP programs, currently do not disclose PPP information in a structured way throughout the project life cycle. Responding to these challenges, the World Bank developed a series of knowledge products to understand disclosure in PPPs, as well as to provide tools to governments for improving PPP disclosure. Post implementation of national PPP disclosure frameworks in the pilot countries, it became important to document the process, as well as assess the experience and perceptions related to the changed disclosure environment culminating in the disclosure of information via public-facing web portals. To support this task, a study was carried out over 2019-2020 to capture the enhanced disclosure environment, understand the perceptions of stakeholders vis-a-vis structured disclosure, identify what was working well, as well as indicate areas for improvement. This paper is a culmination of this effort to document the process and analyze the experience gained from the four-country pilot carried out in Ghana, Honduras, Kenya, and Nigeria. Section 1 of the paper provides the general background within which PPP disclosure is located, as well as the key elements of the World Bank's Framework for Disclosure in PPPs. Section 2 documents the process followed in developing and implementing customized national frameworks in the pilot countries.


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Improving Transparency and Accountability in Public-Private Partnerships : Disclosure Diagnostic Report - Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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In May 2016, the World Bank published a Framework for Disclosure of Information in Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), which provides a template for the preparation of a PPP Disclosure Diagnostic that assesses the transparency and accountability of PPP programs based on the disclosure of information. Between March 2020 and October 2020, a joint Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and World Bank team conducted a study on PPP disclosure in Afghanistan, using the World Bank's PPP Disclosure Diagnostic template. This study led to the preparation of a PPP Disclosure Diagnostic Report (hereinafter 'Diagnostic Report') for Afghanistan. The Diagnostic Report examines the political, legal, and institutional environment for the disclosure of information on PPPs in Afghanistan. Based on these findings, benchmarked against the World Bank's disclosure framework, the Diagnostic Report provides a gap assessment of the environment for PPP disclosure in Afghanistan. It makes specific recommendations to improve disclosure, including recommended customized guidelines for PPP disclosure in Afghanistan. The findings suggest that there has been some movement toward greater transparency and openness in all areas of government in Afghanistan, but that there is still scope for further progress given that relevant legal reforms are relatively new and still to be fully institutionalized. Article 50 of the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan ensures that citizens 'have the right of access to information' from public institutions. This principle was enhanced substantially with the enactment of the Access to Information Law in 2014, which was subsequently revised in 2019.2 The law further guarantees access to information and aims to 'ensure transparency, strengthen the culture of provision of information, promote people's participation in good governance, ensure accountability in the conduct of institutions, and combat corruption'.


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Assessing the Role of International Organizations in the Development of the Social Enterprise Sector
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Year: 2017 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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This paper examines the contribution of international organizations to the development of the social enterprise sector worldwide, and assesses the types of programs and policies international organizations are using to promote this agenda globally. The results indicate that international organizations' support to the social enterprise sector has consisted primarily of providing financial resources, notably grants. However, international organizations' contributions to developing sector-specific policies have been limited. Furthermore, many programs that are supported by international organizations remain largely unassessed. The paper proposes a set of policy recommendations directed primarily to international organizations and the public administration, to improve and enhance the development of the social enterprise sector.


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Do Private Water Utility Operators Care about Regulatory Agencies in Developing Countries?
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Year: 2017 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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This paper shows that the creation of an independent regulatory agency is often not a necessary or sufficient condition to help attract private participation in the operation and financing of the water and sanitation sector in developing countries. However, the odds of an impact are significantly higher for Latin American and Caribbean countries and, to a lesser extent, Eastern European countries, than for any other region. Higher income levels and higher prices are also correlated with higher effectiveness of independent regulatory agencies in attracting private sector financing. Analysis of the impact on various types of public-private partnership contracts shows that, at the margin, independent regulatory agencies are irrelevant in general, for the contract choice, except for greenfield projects, for which such agencies may be counterproductive at the margin.


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Improving Transparency and Accountability in Public-Private Partnerships : Disclosure Diagnostic Report - Ghana.
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Year: 2017 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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A World Bank Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) team conducted a study in Ghana between September 2016 and March 2017, using the PPP Disclosure Diagnostic template recommended by the World Bank, Framework for Disclosure of Information in PPPs. This study has been consolidated in the form of a PPP Disclosure Diagnostic Report for Ghana. The Diagnostic Report examines the political, legal, and institutional environment for disclosure in PPPs. Based on a gap assessment exercise with key political, legal, institutional and process findings benchmarked against the World Bank Framework, the Diagnostic Report makes specific recommendations to improve disclosure, including a recommended customized framework for PPP disclosure in Ghana. This Diagnostic Report recommends a systematic structure for proactively disclosing information through a customized framework for disclosure in PPP in Ghana. The report suggests a holistic approach to disclosure through predefined standards, tools, and mechanisms, allowing for increased disclosure efficiency. The recommended design for Ghana follows the World Bank Framework. The design is hierarchical and includes a logical framework that moves from a high-level mandate to disclose toward the basic elements that need to be disclosed.


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Innovations in Food Trade : Rethinking Aflatoxin Management in East Africa
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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The high prevalence of aflatoxins in maize and other staple foods in the EAC has become an important obstacle to domestic and regional food trade. While EAC Member States have made good progress in promulgating regionally harmonized standards that include mandatory upper limits on aflatoxins, the high cost and complexity of meeting these standards has led to a large share of food being traded outside the regulatory framework thereby distancing poor producers from the market and undermining the prospects for regional value chain development. Especially as EAC countries look to recover from COVID-19 (coronavirus) and build resilient food systems for the future, minimizing the cost of market transactions is more important than ever. The need for aflatoxin management begins at the farm level where fundamental challenges with smallholder agriculture make crops highly susceptible to contamination.1 Bimodal rainfall across much of the EAC make sun drying and storage difficult and poor post-harvest practices such as hand shelling of grain and drying of crops directly on the ground compound the problem. Simple improvements in these areas are possible but add to cost so can be difficult for poor farmers and traders to justify without adequate incentives. As awareness of aflatoxins grows in the EAC, many farmers are adopting improved practices on crops saved for family consumption but not for market sale. Current regulatory approaches to managing aflatoxins in the EAC rely on expensive testing and border controls that are easily circumvented. In Uganda, SPS procedures now require exporters to submit a certificate of aflatoxin analysis from one of three nationally recognized laboratories for every consignment. Throughout the EAC, tests happen far away from the main production areas and only large firms have the wherewithal to comply. Similarly, at the consumer end of domestic and regional value chains, only large industrial mills perform regular tests and are subject to routine inspection. Meanwhile, small traders and SMEs can navigate around the regulatory system since borders are porous and small mills are rarely inspected. This situation not only leaves the EAC with little to no effective control over aflatoxins but precludes the payment of premiums to small farmers and offtakers that are needed to reward improvements at upstream stages of the value chain where aflatoxin problems begin.


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If It Pays, It Stays : Can Agribusiness Internalize the Benefits of Malaria Control?
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Year: 2016 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Might a malaria control intervention entail agricultural effects that allow a commercial agribusiness to offset its costs? The randomized allocation of 39,936 insecticide-treated mosquito nets among 81,597 smallholder cotton farming households in 1,507 clusters helps evaluate this in the context of Zambia's cotton outgrowing industry. But despite large health impacts on treated households, no impact on cotton deliveries to the agribusiness is detected. With some caveats, the results tend to strike a discord with recent evidence on the agricultural productivity effects of malaria control.


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Global health transitions and sustainable solutions : the role of partnerships : proceedings of a workshop
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ISBN: 0309485231 0309485215 Year: 2019 Publisher: Washington, District of Columbia : National Academies Press,

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"On June 13-14, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a multistakeholder workshop to examine the transitions affecting global health and innovative global health solutions. The goal of bringing these two topics together was to collectively explore models for innovative partnerships and private-sector engagement with the potential to support countries in transition. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop"--


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Collaboration for impact : lessons from the field
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ISBN: 1760463973 1760463965 Year: 2020 Publisher: Acton, Australian Capital Territory : Australian National University Press,

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Collaboration is often seen as a palliative for the many wicked problems challenging our communities. These problems affect some of the most vulnerable and unempowered people in our community. They also carry significant implications for policy processes, programs of service and, ultimately, the budgets and resourcing of national and sub-national governments. The road to collaboration is paved with good intentions. But, as John Butcher and David Gilchrist reveal, 'good intentions' are not enough to ensure well-designed, effective and sustainable collaborative action. Contemporary policy-makers and policy practitioners agree that 'wicked' problems in public policy require collaborative approaches, especially when those problems straddle sectoral, institutional, organisational and jurisdictional boundaries. The authors set out to uncover the core ingredients of good collaboration practice by talking directly to the very people that are engaged in collaborative action. This book applies the insights drawn from conversations with those engaged in collaborations for social purpose--including chief executives, senior managers and frontline workers--to the collaboration challenge. Backed up by an extensive review of the collaboration literature, Butcher and Gilchrist translate their observations into concrete guidance for collaborative practice. The unique value in this book is the authors' combination of scholarly work with practical suggestions for current and prospective collaborators.--


Book
Estudios de la OCDE sobre gobernanza publica innovar en el sector publico desarrollando capacidades en Chile
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ISBN: 926427507X 9264275088 Year: 2017 Publisher: Paris : OCDE,

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- Prefacio y reconocimientos   - Resumen ejecutivo   - Capacidades para la innovación en el sector público Chileno   - Habilidades para la innovación del sector público en Chile   - Motivar a los servidores públicos Chilenos a innovar   - Oportunidades de los servidores públicos Chilenos para innovar   - Creando una fuerza de trabajo del sector público preparada para la innovación en Chile.

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