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During the nineteenth century, the Lockean radicals-Thomas Hodgskin, Lysander Spooner, John Bray, and Henry George-picked up the loose ends of Locke's property theory and wove them into two competing strands. Each strand addressed problems of liberty and equality that were emerging with industrial capitalism, but each did so in a different way. In one camp, Hodgskin and Spooner-the libertarian radicals-argued that the world of resources is common to all people only in the negative sense of being originally unowned by anyone. According to them, there are no just grounds for state redistribution except to correct past injustices, and governments are typically little more than thieving and oppressive gangs. In the other camp, Bray and George-the egalitarian radicals-held that all people have a positive claim to share equally in the world's resources. According to them, states should insure, through redistributive taxation and other progressive policies, that our institutions respect this common right. Locke Among the Radicals tells the forgotten story of the Lockean radicals and the role they played in addressing problems latent in Locke's theory. In addition, it argues that some of the radicals' insights can provide a blueprint for a form liberal distributive justice that is applicable today.

Right of property --- Property --- Liberty --- Philosophy. --- Equality --- Philosophy --- Locke, John, --- Political and social philosophers --- Locke, John --- Right of property - Philosophy --- Property - Philosophy --- Liberty - Philosophy --- Equality - Philosophy --- Locke, John, - 1632-1704

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L’accaparement privatif des richesses porté par le libéralisme économique a creusé les inégalités et contribué à la crise environnementale. Cet ouvrage reprend le problème à la racine pour proposer une déconstruction de l’absolutisme propriétaire. Pierre Crétois retrace et critique toute la tradition qui, depuis la Renaissance, a fait de la propriété privée l’élément fondateur de nos sociétés en l’érigeant comme le droit naturel le plus crucial. Cette vision est si hégémonique qu’elle semble relever de l’évidence. Mais elle méconnaît le fait qu’il n’a jamais existé de propriété absolument privée. Les choses, loin d’être appropriables en tant que telles, sont des lieux où se rencontrent des existences et des activités individuelles et collectives. Le propriétaire en son domaine n’est qu’un membre de la communauté et de l’écosystème dont il dépend. Dans un geste démystificateur, Pierre Crétois montre qu’il y a toujours une part commune dans ce qui est propre à chacun. Au cœur de la politique se niche la propriété : mieux, sa transformation est la condition de l’émancipation humaine.

Propriété --- Philosophie économique. --- Philosophie. --- Property --- Right of property --- Economics --- Philosophy --- Droit de propriété --- Property - Philosophy --- Economics - Philosophy

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Why should a property interest exist in an intangible item? In recent years, arguments over intellectual property have often divided proponents-who emphasize the importance of providing incentives for producers of creative works- from skeptics who emphasize the need for free and open access to knowledge.In a wide-ranging and ambitious analysis, Robert P. Merges establishes a sophisticated rationale for the most vital form of modern property: IP rights. His insightful new book answers the many critics who contend that these rights are inefficient, unfair, and theoretically incoherent. But Merges' vigorous defense of IP is also a call for appropriate legal constraints and boundaries: IP rights are real, but they come with real limits.Drawing on Kant, Locke, and Rawls as well as contemporary scholars, Merges crafts an original theory to explain why IP rights make sense as a reward for effort and as a way to encourage individuals to strive. He also provides a novel explanation of why awarding IP rights to creative people is fair for everyone else in society, by contributing to a just distribution of resources. Merges argues convincingly that IP rights are based on a solid ethical foundation, and-when subject to fair limits-these rights are an indispensable part of a well-functioning society.

LAW --- Intellectual Property / General --- Intellectual property --- Intangible property --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law, General & Comparative --- Philosophy --- Intangible property. --- Philosophy. --- Incorporeal property --- Intangible assets --- Intangibles --- IP (Intellectual property) --- Proprietary rights --- Rights, Proprietary --- Law and legislation --- Property --- E-books --- Intellectual property - Philosophy --- Intangible property - Philosophy

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In this study of Fichte's social and political philosophy, David James offers an interpretation of Fichte's most famous writings in this area, including his Foundations of Natural Right and Addresses to the German Nation, centred on two main themes: property and virtue. These themes provide the basis for a discussion of such issues as what it means to guarantee the freedom of all the citizens of a state, the problem of unequal relations of economic dependence between states, and the differences and connections between the legal and political sphere of right and morality. James also relates Fichte's central social and political ideas to those of other important figures in the history of philosophy, including Locke, Kant and Hegel, as well as to the radical phase of the French Revolution. His account will be of importance to all who are interested in Fichte's philosophy and its intellectual and political context.

Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy --- Property --- Virtue. --- Philosophy. --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, --- Conduct of life --- Ethics --- Human acts --- Economics --- Possession (Law) --- Things (Law) --- Wealth --- Law and legislation --- Primitive property --- Property - Philosophy --- Virtue --- Political science - Philosophy --- Social sciences - Philosophy --- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, - 1762-1814 --- Political science --- Social sciences

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This book challenges traditional approaches to heritage interpretation and offers an alternative theoretical architecture to the current research and practice. Russell Staiff suggests that the dialogue between visitors and heritage places has been too focused on learning outcomes, and so heritage interpretation has become dominated by psychology and educational theory, and over-reliant on outdated thinking. Using his background as an art historian and experience teaching heritage and tourism courses, Russell Staiff weaves personal observation with theory in an engaging and lively way. He recognizes that the "digital revolution" has changed forever the way that people interact with their environment and that a new approach is needed

Interpretation of cultural and natural resources. --- Cultural property --- Heritage tourism. --- Interprétation du patrimoine --- Biens culturels --- Tourisme culturel --- Philosophy. --- Philosophie --- cultural heritage --- Cultural property -- Philosophy. --- Social change --- cultural tourism --- cultural property --- History of civilization --- Philosophy and psychology of culture --- Heritage tourism --- Interpretation of cultural and natural resources --- #SBIB:39A5 --- #SBIB:39A8 --- Communication --- Cultural tourism --- Tourism --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Philosophy --- Kunst, habitat, materiële cultuur en ontspanning --- Antropologie: linguïstiek, audiovisuele cultuur, antropologie van media en representatie --- Natural resources --- Interpretive programs