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At the heart of generative phonology lies the assumption that the sounds of every language have abstract underlying representations, which undergo various changes in order to generate the 'surface' representations; that is, the sounds we actually pronounce. The existence, status and form of underlying representations have been hotly debated in phonological research since the introduction of the phoneme in the nineteenth century. This book provides a comprehensive overview of theories of the mental representation of the sounds of language. How does the mind store and process phonological representations? Krämer surveys the development of the concept of underlying representation over the last 100 years or so within the field of generative phonology. He considers phonological patterns, psycholinguistic experiments, statistical generalisations over data corpora and phenomena such as hypercorrection. The book offers a new understanding of contrastive features and proposes a modification of the optimality-theoretic approach to the generation of underlying representations.

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Emphasis (Linguistics) --- Generative grammar. --- Grammar, Generative --- Grammar, Transformational --- Grammar, Transformational generative --- Transformational generative grammar --- Transformational grammar --- Psycholinguistics --- Prominence (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Semantics --- Phonology --- Phonology. --- Derivation --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Phonology --- Phonetics

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Stress and accent are central, organizing features of grammar, but their precise nature continues to be a source of mystery and wonder. These issues come to the forefront in acquisition, where the tension between the abstract mental representations and the concrete physical manifestations of stress and accent is deeply reflected. Understanding the nature of the representations of stress and accent patterns, and understanding how stress and accent patterns are learned, informs all aspects of linguistic theory and language acquisition. These two themes - representation and acquisition - form the organizational backbone of this book. Each is addressed along different dimensions of stress and accent, including the position of an accent or stress within various prosodic domains and the acoustic dimensions along which the pronunciation of stress and accent may vary. The research presented in the book is multidisciplinary, encompassing theoretical linguistics, speech science, and computational and experimental research.

Emphasis (Linguistics) --- Phonetics. --- Language and languages --- Intonation (Phonetics) --- Accents and accentuation. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Stress (Linguistics) --- Prosodic analysis (Linguistics) --- Versification --- Linguistics --- Pitch (Phonetics) --- Phonetics --- Tone (Phonetics) --- Oral interpretation --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Articulatory phonetics --- Orthoepy --- Phonology --- Speech --- Prominence (Linguistics) --- Semantics --- Accents and accentuation --- Stress --- Intonation

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Polish language --- Phonetics --- Comparative linguistics --- English language --- Emphasis (Linguistics) --- -Generative grammar --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- -Polish language --- -Polnisch language --- Polski language --- Lechitic languages --- Kashubian language --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Generative --- Grammar, Transformational --- Grammar, Transformational generative --- Transformational generative grammar --- Transformational grammar --- Psycholinguistics --- Germanic languages --- Prominence (Linguistics) --- Semantics --- Phonology, Comparative --- -Polish --- Phonology --- -English --- Grammar, Comparative --- Derivation --- -Phonology, Comparative --- -Grammar, Comparative and general --- Polnisch language --- Generative grammar --- Phonology, Comparative&delete& --- Polish --- English --- Grammar, Comparative and general Phonology