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This lavishly illustrated book provides a hands-on, step-by-step introduction to the intriguing mathematics of symmetry. Instead of breaking up patterns into blocks-a sort of potato-stamp method-Frank Farris offers a completely new waveform approach that enables you to create an endless variety of rosettes, friezes, and wallpaper patterns: dazzling art images where the beauty of nature meets the precision of mathematics.Featuring more than 100 stunning color illustrations and requiring only a modest background in math, Creating Symmetry begins by addressing the enigma of a simple curve, whose curious symmetry seems unexplained by its formula. Farris describes how complex numbers unlock the mystery, and how they lead to the next steps on an engaging path to constructing waveforms. He explains how to devise waveforms for each of the 17 possible wallpaper types, and then guides you through a host of other fascinating topics in symmetry, such as color-reversing patterns, three-color patterns, polyhedral symmetry, and hyperbolic symmetry. Along the way, Farris demonstrates how to marry waveforms with photographic images to construct beautiful symmetry patterns as he gradually familiarizes you with more advanced mathematics, including group theory, functional analysis, and partial differential equations. As you progress through the book, you'll learn how to create breathtaking art images of your own.Fun, accessible, and challenging, Creating Symmetry features numerous examples and exercises throughout, as well as engaging discussions of the history behind the mathematics presented in the book.

Symmetry (Mathematics) --- Symmetry (Art) --- Abstract algebra. --- Addition. --- Algorithm. --- Antisymmetry. --- Arc length. --- Boundary value problem. --- Cartesian coordinate system. --- Circular motion. --- Circumference. --- Coefficient. --- Complex analysis. --- Complex multiplication. --- Complex number. --- Complex plane. --- Computation. --- Coordinate system. --- Coset. --- Cyclic group. --- Derivative. --- Diagonal. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Dihedral group. --- Division by zero. --- Domain coloring. --- Dot product. --- Eigenfunction. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Eisenstein integer. --- Epicycloid. --- Equation. --- Euler's formula. --- Even and odd functions. --- Exponential function. --- Fourier series. --- Frieze group. --- Function (mathematics). --- Function composition. --- Function space. --- Gaussian integer. --- Geometry. --- Glide reflection. --- Group (mathematics). --- Group theory. --- Homomorphism. --- Horocycle. --- Hyperbolic geometry. --- Ideal point. --- Integer. --- Lattice (group). --- Linear interpolation. --- Local symmetry. --- M. C. Escher. --- Main diagonal. --- Mathematical proof. --- Mathematical structure. --- Mathematics. --- Mirror symmetry (string theory). --- Mirror symmetry. --- Morphing. --- Natural number. --- Normal subgroup. --- Notation. --- Ordinary differential equation. --- Parallelogram. --- Parametric equation. --- Parametrization. --- Periodic function. --- Plane symmetry. --- Plane wave. --- Point group. --- Polynomial. --- Power series. --- Projection (linear algebra). --- Pythagorean triple. --- Quantity. --- Quotient group. --- Real number. --- Reciprocal lattice. --- Rectangle. --- Reflection symmetry. --- Right angle. --- Ring of integers. --- Rotational symmetry. --- Scientific notation. --- Special case. --- Square lattice. --- Subgroup. --- Summation. --- Symmetry group. --- Symmetry. --- Tetrahedron. --- Theorem. --- Translational symmetry. --- Trigonometric functions. --- Unique factorization domain. --- Unit circle. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Vector space. --- Wallpaper group. --- Wave packet. --- Abstract algebra. --- Addition. --- Algorithm. --- Antisymmetry. --- Arc length. --- Boundary value problem. --- Cartesian coordinate system. --- Circular motion. --- Circumference. --- Coefficient. --- Complex analysis. --- Complex multiplication. --- Complex number. --- Complex plane. --- Computation. --- Coordinate system. --- Coset. --- Cyclic group. --- Derivative. --- Diagonal. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Dihedral group. --- Division by zero. --- Domain coloring. --- Dot product. --- Eigenfunction. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Eisenstein integer. --- Epicycloid. --- Equation. --- Euler's formula. --- Even and odd functions. --- Exponential function. --- Fourier series. --- Frieze group. --- Function (mathematics). --- Function composition. --- Function space. --- Gaussian integer. --- Geometry. --- Glide reflection. --- Group (mathematics). --- Group theory. --- Homomorphism. --- Horocycle. --- Hyperbolic geometry. --- Ideal point. --- Integer. --- Lattice (group). --- Linear interpolation. --- Local symmetry. --- M. C. Escher. --- Main diagonal. --- Mathematical proof. --- Mathematical structure. --- Mathematics. --- Mirror symmetry (string theory). --- Mirror symmetry. --- Morphing. --- Natural number. --- Normal subgroup. --- Notation. --- Ordinary differential equation. --- Parallelogram. --- Parametric equation. --- Parametrization. --- Periodic function. --- Plane symmetry. --- Plane wave. --- Point group. --- Polynomial. --- Power series. --- Projection (linear algebra). --- Pythagorean triple. --- Quantity. --- Quotient group. --- Real number. --- Reciprocal lattice. --- Rectangle. --- Reflection symmetry. --- Right angle. --- Ring of integers. --- Rotational symmetry. --- Scientific notation. --- Special case. --- Square lattice. --- Subgroup. --- Summation. --- Symmetry group. --- Symmetry. --- Tetrahedron. --- Theorem. --- Translational symmetry. --- Trigonometric functions. --- Unique factorization domain. --- Unit circle. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Vector space. --- Wallpaper group. --- Wave packet.

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The classical uniformization theorem for Riemann surfaces and its recent extensions can be viewed as introducing special pseudogroup structures, affine or projective structures, on Riemann surfaces. In fact, the additional structures involved can be considered as local forms of the uniformizations of Riemann surfaces. In this study, Robert Gunning discusses the corresponding pseudogroup structures on higher-dimensional complex manifolds, modeled on the theory as developed for Riemann surfaces.Originally published in 1978.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Analytical spaces --- Differential geometry. Global analysis --- Complex manifolds --- Connections (Mathematics) --- Pseudogroups --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Calculus --- Global analysis (Mathematics) --- Lie groups --- Geometry, Differential --- Analytic spaces --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- Adjunction formula. --- Affine connection. --- Affine transformation. --- Algebraic surface. --- Algebraic torus. --- Algebraic variety. --- Analytic continuation. --- Analytic function. --- Automorphic function. --- Automorphism. --- Bilinear form. --- Canonical bundle. --- Characterization (mathematics). --- Cohomology. --- Compact Riemann surface. --- Complex Lie group. --- Complex analysis. --- Complex dimension. --- Complex manifold. --- Complex multiplication. --- Complex number. --- Complex plane. --- Complex torus. --- Complex vector bundle. --- Contraction mapping. --- Covariant derivative. --- Differentiable function. --- Differentiable manifold. --- Differential equation. --- Differential form. --- Differential geometry. --- Differential operator. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Dimension. --- Elliptic operator. --- Elliptic surface. --- Enriques surface. --- Equation. --- Existential quantification. --- Explicit formula. --- Explicit formulae (L-function). --- Exterior derivative. --- Fiber bundle. --- General linear group. --- Geometric genus. --- Group homomorphism. --- Hausdorff space. --- Holomorphic function. --- Homomorphism. --- Identity matrix. --- Invariant subspace. --- Invertible matrix. --- Irreducible representation. --- Jacobian matrix and determinant. --- K3 surface. --- Kähler manifold. --- Lie algebra representation. --- Lie algebra. --- Line bundle. --- Linear equation. --- Linear map. --- Linear space (geometry). --- Linear subspace. --- Manifold. --- Mathematical analysis. --- Mathematical induction. --- Ordinary differential equation. --- Partial differential equation. --- Permutation. --- Polynomial. --- Principal bundle. --- Projection (linear algebra). --- Projective connection. --- Projective line. --- Pseudogroup. --- Quadratic transformation. --- Quotient space (topology). --- Representation theory. --- Riemann surface. --- Riemann–Roch theorem. --- Schwarzian derivative. --- Sheaf (mathematics). --- Special case. --- Subalgebra. --- Subgroup. --- Submanifold. --- Symmetric tensor. --- Symmetrization. --- Tangent bundle. --- Tangent space. --- Tensor field. --- Tensor product. --- Tensor. --- Theorem. --- Topological manifold. --- Uniformization theorem. --- Uniformization. --- Unit (ring theory). --- Vector bundle. --- Vector space. --- Fonctions de plusieurs variables complexes --- Variétés complexes

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The theory of Toeplitz operators has come to resemble more and more in recent years the classical theory of pseudodifferential operators. For instance, Toeplitz operators possess a symbolic calculus analogous to the usual symbolic calculus, and by symbolic means one can construct parametrices for Toeplitz operators and create new Toeplitz operators out of old ones by functional operations.If P is a self-adjoint pseudodifferential operator on a compact manifold with an elliptic symbol that is of order greater than zero, then it has a discrete spectrum. Also, it is well known that the asymptotic behavior of its eigenvalues is closely related to the behavior of the bicharacteristic flow generated by its symbol.It is natural to ask if similar results are true for Toeplitz operators. In the course of answering this question, the authors explore in depth the analogies between Toeplitz operators and pseudodifferential operators and show that both can be viewed as the "quantized" objects associated with functions on compact contact manifolds.

Operator theory --- Toeplitz operators --- Spectral theory (Mathematics) --- 517.984 --- Spectral theory of linear operators --- Toeplitz operators. --- Spectral theory (Mathematics). --- 517.984 Spectral theory of linear operators --- Operators, Toeplitz --- Linear operators --- Functional analysis --- Hilbert space --- Measure theory --- Transformations (Mathematics) --- Algebraic variety. --- Asymptotic analysis. --- Asymptotic expansion. --- Big O notation. --- Boundary value problem. --- Change of variables. --- Chern class. --- Codimension. --- Cohomology. --- Compact group. --- Complex manifold. --- Complex vector bundle. --- Connection form. --- Contact geometry. --- Corollary. --- Cotangent bundle. --- Curvature form. --- Diffeomorphism. --- Differentiable manifold. --- Dimensional analysis. --- Discrete spectrum. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Elaboration. --- Elliptic operator. --- Embedding. --- Equivalence class. --- Existential quantification. --- Exterior (topology). --- Fourier integral operator. --- Fourier transform. --- Hamiltonian vector field. --- Holomorphic function. --- Homogeneous function. --- Hypoelliptic operator. --- Integer. --- Integral curve. --- Integral transform. --- Invariant subspace. --- Lagrangian (field theory). --- Lagrangian. --- Limit point. --- Line bundle. --- Linear map. --- Mathematics. --- Metaplectic group. --- Natural number. --- Normal space. --- One-form. --- Open set. --- Operator (physics). --- Oscillatory integral. --- Parallel transport. --- Parameter. --- Parametrix. --- Periodic function. --- Polynomial. --- Projection (linear algebra). --- Projective variety. --- Pseudo-differential operator. --- Q.E.D. --- Quadratic form. --- Quantity. --- Quotient ring. --- Real number. --- Scientific notation. --- Self-adjoint. --- Smoothness. --- Spectral theorem. --- Spectral theory. --- Square root. --- Submanifold. --- Summation. --- Support (mathematics). --- Symplectic geometry. --- Symplectic group. --- Symplectic manifold. --- Symplectic vector space. --- Tangent space. --- Theorem. --- Todd class. --- Toeplitz algebra. --- Toeplitz matrix. --- Toeplitz operator. --- Trace formula. --- Transversal (geometry). --- Trigonometric functions. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Vector bundle. --- Vector field. --- Vector space. --- Volume form. --- Wave front set. --- Opérateurs pseudo-différentiels

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Using only the very elementary framework of finite probability spaces, this book treats a number of topics in the modern theory of stochastic processes. This is made possible by using a small amount of Abraham Robinson's nonstandard analysis and not attempting to convert the results into conventional form.

Martingales (Mathematics) --- Stochastic processes. --- Probabilities. --- Martingales (Mathematics). --- Stochastic processes --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Combinations --- Mathematics --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk --- Random processes --- Probabilities --- Abraham Robinson. --- Absolute value. --- Addition. --- Algebra of random variables. --- Almost surely. --- Axiom. --- Axiomatic system. --- Borel set. --- Bounded function. --- Cantor's diagonal argument. --- Cardinality. --- Cartesian product. --- Central limit theorem. --- Chebyshev's inequality. --- Compact space. --- Contradiction. --- Convergence of random variables. --- Corollary. --- Correlation coefficient. --- Counterexample. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Dimension. --- Division by zero. --- Elementary function. --- Estimation. --- Existential quantification. --- Family of sets. --- Finite set. --- Hyperplane. --- Idealization. --- Independence (probability theory). --- Indicator function. --- Infinitesimal. --- Internal set theory. --- Joint probability distribution. --- Law of large numbers. --- Linear function. --- Martingale (probability theory). --- Mathematical induction. --- Mathematician. --- Mathematics. --- Measure (mathematics). --- N0. --- Natural number. --- Non-standard analysis. --- Norm (mathematics). --- Orthogonal complement. --- Parameter. --- Path space. --- Predictable process. --- Probability distribution. --- Probability measure. --- Probability space. --- Probability theory. --- Probability. --- Product topology. --- Projection (linear algebra). --- Quadratic variation. --- Random variable. --- Real number. --- Requirement. --- Scientific notation. --- Sequence. --- Set (mathematics). --- Significant figures. --- Special case. --- Standard deviation. --- Statistical mechanics. --- Stochastic process. --- Subalgebra. --- Subset. --- Summation. --- Theorem. --- Theory. --- Total variation. --- Transfer principle. --- Transfinite number. --- Trigonometric functions. --- Upper and lower bounds. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Variance. --- Vector space. --- W0. --- Wiener process. --- Without loss of generality.

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The theory of pseudo-differential operators (which originated as singular integral operators) was largely influenced by its application to function theory in one complex variable and regularity properties of solutions of elliptic partial differential equations. Given here is an exposition of some new classes of pseudo-differential operators relevant to several complex variables and certain non-elliptic problems.Originally published in 1979.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

517.982.4 --- Pseudodifferential operators --- Operators, Pseudodifferential --- Pseudo-differential operators --- Theory of generalized functions (distributions) --- Pseudodifferential operators. --- 517.982.4 Theory of generalized functions (distributions) --- Operator theory --- Differential equations, Partial --- Équations aux dérivées partielles --- Opérateurs pseudo-différentiels --- Addition. --- Adjoint. --- Approximation. --- Asymptotic expansion. --- Banach space. --- Bounded operator. --- Boundedness. --- Calculation. --- Change of variables. --- Coefficient. --- Compact space. --- Complex analysis. --- Computation. --- Corollary. --- Cotangent bundle. --- Derivative. --- Differential operator. --- Disjoint union. --- Elliptic partial differential equation. --- Estimation. --- Euclidean distance. --- Euclidean vector. --- Existential quantification. --- Fourier integral operator. --- Fourier transform. --- Geometric series. --- Heat equation. --- Heisenberg group. --- Homogeneous distribution. --- Infimum and supremum. --- Integer. --- Integration by parts. --- Intermediate value theorem. --- Jacobian matrix and determinant. --- Left inverse. --- Linear combination. --- Linear map. --- Mean value theorem. --- Monograph. --- Monomial. --- Nilpotent group. --- Operator (physics). --- Operator norm. --- Order of magnitude. --- Orthogonal complement. --- Parametrix. --- Parity (mathematics). --- Partition of unity. --- Polynomial. --- Projection (linear algebra). --- Pseudo-differential operator. --- Quadratic function. --- Regularity theorem. --- Remainder. --- Requirement. --- Right inverse. --- Scientific notation. --- Self-reference. --- Several complex variables. --- Singular integral. --- Smoothness. --- Sobolev space. --- Special case. --- Submanifold. --- Subset. --- Sum of squares. --- Summation. --- Support (mathematics). --- Tangent space. --- Taylor's theorem. --- Theorem. --- Theory. --- Transpose. --- Triangle inequality. --- Uniform boundedness. --- Upper and lower bounds. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Without loss of generality. --- Zero set. --- Équations aux dérivées partielles --- Opérateurs pseudo-différentiels