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A growing number of countries recognise a direct producers' liability for non-conforming goods. The European Commission has considered the introduction of an EU-wide direct producers' liability for a long time. Will there be new responsibilities for producers in the future? This book compiles national reports from 24 European countries on the sale of goods law as well as the consumer's remedies for non-conforming goods and the final seller's right of redress. A comparative report informs about the different models of producers' liability and their impact on the internal market. Beneficial for practitioners working in the field of consumer contract law and sale of goods law.
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Economic law --- European law --- Commercial law --- Products liability --- Consumers --- Responsabilité du fait des produits --- Consommateurs --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Droit --- 351.82*7 --- Consumentenrecht --- 351.82*7 Consumentenrecht --- Responsabilité du fait des produits --- Products liability - European Union countries
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La responsabilité du fait des produits illustre les difficultés et les ambiguïtés de l'harmonisation du droit des obligations en Europe. La directive du 25 juillet 1985 relative à la responsabilité du fait des produits défectueux a entendu à la fois harmoniser le droit des États membres de la Communauté européenne et améliorer la protection des consommateurs. Elle n'a toutefois pas eu le succès escompté. Dans presque toute l'Europe, les victimes de produits dommageables continuent à invoquer de préférence les régimes de responsabilité du fait des produits développés avant la transposition de la directive de 1985, plutôt que le régime prévu par le texte communautaire. Le présent ouvrage analyse les raisons de cet échec de la directive, à l'échelle européenne. Il démontre que les différences entre les divers régimes nationaux de responsabilité du fait des produits, qui ont justifié le processus communautaire d'harmonisation, sont plus apparentes que réelles. Il existe en effet une logique commune qui unit tous ces régimes. Or, la directive de 1985 n'a nullement rompu avec cette logique. La continuité existant entre la directive et les régimes qui l'ont précédée explique la faible incidence du texte communautaire sur les droits nationaux. Elle éclaire par ailleurs les évolutions possibles de ces derniers, à l'heure où la Cour de justice des Communautés européennes semble vouloir interdire la coexistence dans chaque pays de plusieurs régimes distincts de responsabilité du fait des produits. L'auteur montre en particulier comment, dans le cas de la France, la disparition éventuelle de la responsabilité fondée sur le manquement du vendeur professionnel à son obligation de sécurité serait sans réelle conséquence sur les droits dont disposent les victimes de produits dommageables.
Law of civil procedure --- Comparative law --- Products liability --- Responsabilité du fait des produits --- Private law --- 351.82*7 --- Consumentenrecht --- 351.82*7 Consumentenrecht --- Responsabilité du fait des produits --- Manufacturers' liability --- Product liability --- Tort liability of manufacturers --- Liability (Law) --- Law and legislation --- Products liability - European Union countries
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This book examines the law of product liability from a comparative perspective. With the European Directive on Product Liability enacted over 20 years ago, this publication analyses the state of product liability in a number of key jurisdictions including both Western European countries and New Member States. Account is also taken of developments further afield, including the United States and Japan. Distinguished contributors, including a high court judge, European Commission official, leading litigators and academics, provide individual country reports and a number of integrated comparative studies. The book is designed for practical use by legal practitioners, academics, students and others interested in the area of contract, tort, civil procedure and multi-party litigation. In particular, practitioners will find the country reports an essential reference point.
Tort and negligence --- European Union --- Products liability --- Products liability. --- 351.82*7 <4-15> --- Consumentenrecht--West-Europa --- 351.82*7 <4-15> Consumentenrecht--West-Europa --- Manufacturers' liability --- Product liability --- Tort liability of manufacturers --- Liability (Law) --- Law and legislation --- Law --- General and Others --- Products liability - Europe --- Products liability - European Union countries
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Products liability --- 351.82*7 --- Product safety --- -ABB9701-IVB --- 05.04.c --- 13.04.c --- Commercial products --- Consumer protection --- Warning labels --- Consumentenrecht --- Law and legislation --- -Aansprakelijkheidsverzekering: Productenaansprakelijkheid --- Wettelijke en contractuele aansprakelijkheid ; Zaken ; Productenaansprakelijkheid --- Safety measures --- 351.82*7 Consumentenrecht --- Products liability - European Union countries. --- Products liability - Europe. --- -Law and legislation --- -Products liability --- -Law and legislation -
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Der grenzuberschreitende Warenabsatz innerhalb Europas spielt fur die exportorientierte deutsche Industrie eine bedeutende wirtschaftliche Rolle. Der Rechtsverkehr deutscher Produzenten mit dem grossten Aussenhandelspartner Frankreich wird jedoch durch erhebliche Unterschiede in der Konzeption, den Voraussetzungen und den Folgen der Haftung des Herstellers fur durch seine Produkte verursachte Schaden erheblich erschwert. An diesem Zustand hat sich auch durch die europaische Produkthaftungsrichtline nichts geandert. Demgemass unterscheiden sich auch die Regelungen des Internationalen Privatrechts beider Staaten, die daruber bestimmen, welches Recht auf einen grenzuberschreitenden Produkthaftungsfall anwendbar ist. Art und Umfang der Haftung des Herstellers hangen folglich regelmassig von der eher zufalligen Frage ab, vor welchem Gericht uber den Produkthaftungsfall entschieden wird. Die hieraus resultierende Rechtsvielfalt und -unsicherheit ist europarechtlich bedenklich. Da die gemeinschaftsrechtliche Warenverkehrsfreiheit auch den Export schadenstiftender Produkte schutzt, ist es notwendig, sie auf ihre Vorgaben fur die mitgliedstaatlichen Kollisionsrechte zu untersuchen. Dabei zeigt Robert Freitag, dass der Hersteller nicht unter Berufung auf die Warenverkehrsfreiheit verlangen kann, stets nach den Haftungsstandards seines Heimatlandes beurteilt zu werden. Das Gemeinschaftsrecht erfordert jedoch, dass die Parteien des Haftungsfalles das auf ihre Rechtsverhaltnisse anwendbare Recht zu jeder Zeit einvernehmlich festlegen konnen. Im ubrigen genugt das geltende Internationale Produkthaftungsrecht den Vorgaben des EG-Vertrages, auch soweit es die Staatsangehorigkeit der Parteien berucksichtigt.
Conflict of laws --- Products liability --- Droit européen --- Droit international privé --- Conflict of laws - Products liability - Germany. --- Conflict of laws - Products liability - France. --- Products liability - European Union countries. --- Droit allemand --- Droit civil compare --- Droit civil francais --- Responsabilte du fait des produits --- Vice cache
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How to tackle environmental damage from the throwaway society is one of the defining questions of the twenty-first century. By establishing a circular economy, we can encourage and support sustainable production and consumption. These essays by an international group of leading scholars from a range of disciplines analyse policies and legal instruments and challenge mainstream assumptions, from the choice of a policy mix to the actual effect of imposing standards on the market, and from corporate objectives and priorities to the use of precaution in assessing particularly harmful substances. Each chapter contributes to a better understanding of the current policy and regulatory framework in Europe and identifies the challenges and opportunities ahead. The book breaks new ground by examining how product policies can contribute to important objectives and visions, such as the aims of the circular economy. It is a must-read for researchers as well as for policymakers and practitioners.
Environmental law --- Products liability --- Hazardous substances --- Law and legislation --- Dangerous chemicals --- Dangerous goods --- Dangerous materials --- Dangerous substances --- Hazardous chemicals --- Hazardous goods --- Hazardous materials --- Hazmats --- Chemicals --- Materials --- Environmental law - European Union countries --- Products liability - European Union countries --- Hazardous substances - Law and legislation - European Union countries
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Trustmark Organisations (TMOs) are independent parties which provide e-merchants with trustmarks – a label or visual representation indicating that a product, process, or service conforms to specific quality characteristics. Security, privacy, and business practice are three areas in which trustmarks play an important role. TMOs will issue a trustmark to e-merchants only if they have demonstrated conformity to specific policies regarding security, privacy and business practice. E-merchants hope that, by displaying the trustmark on their websites, e-consumers will trust their certified practice and be more likely to divulge their personal data and transact with them. Past research focuses on economic aspects of trustmarks. This book is the first comprehensive study on trustmarks and related legal aspects. It describes pros and cons of trustmarks for e-economy, e-society and e-policy, assesses TMOs' practice, and focuses on TMOs' liability.
Electronic commerce --- Quality assurance --- Labels --- Quality of products --- Products liability --- Law and legislation --- Electronic commerce - United States --- Electronic commerce - European Union countries --- Quality assurance - Law and legislation - United States --- Quality assurance - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Labels - Law and legislation - United States --- Labels - Law and legislation - European Union countries --- Quality of products - United States --- Quality of products - European Union countries --- Products liability - United States --- Products liability - European Union countries --- Comparative law --- Droit comparé --- Commerce électronique --- Assurance qualité --- Qualité des produits --- Responsabilité du fait des produits --- Droit
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Consumer protection --- Competition, Unfair --- Restraint of trade --- Products liability --- Product safety --- Law and legislation --- -Consumer protection --- -Product safety --- -Products liability --- -Restraint of trade --- -351.82*7 EC --- Combinations in restraint of trade --- Competition --- Competition law --- Restrictive trade practices --- Trade, Restraint of --- Trade practices, Unfair --- Unfair trade practices --- Commercial crimes --- Trade regulation --- Monopolies --- Trusts, Industrial --- Manufacturers' liability --- Product liability --- Tort liability of manufacturers --- Liability (Law) --- Commercial products --- Warning labels --- Consumerism --- Protection, Consumer --- Commercial policy --- Fair trade --- Unfair competition --- Commercial law --- Industrial property --- Torts --- Advertising laws --- -Law and legislation --- -Consumentenrecht--EC --- Safety measures --- 351.82*7 EC Consumentenrecht--EC --- Consumentenrecht--EC --- 351.82*7 EC --- Consumer protection - Law and legislation - European Union countries. --- Competition, Unfair - European Union countries. --- Restraint of trade - European Union countries. --- Products liability - European Union countries. --- Product safety - Law and legislation - European Union countries.
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