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This reference work examines internment, forced labor, and extermination during times of war and genocide during the 20th and 21st centuries, with focus on World War II and recent conflicts in the Middle East. It explores internment as a weapon and how it has led to crimes against humanity. Includes profiles of key atrocity perpetrators and curated and contextualized primary source documents. For students of global studies, history, and political science and general readers.

Prisoner-of-war camps --- Internment camps --- Military prisons --- Concentration camps

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Between 1914 and 1918, German anthropologists conducted their work in the midst of full-scale war. The discipline was relatively new in German academia when World War I broke out, and, as Andrew D. Evans reveals in this illuminating book, its development was profoundly altered by the conflict. As the war shaped the institutional, ideological, and physical environment for anthropological work, the discipline turned its back on its liberal roots and became a nationalist endeavor primarily concerned with scientific studies of race. Combining intellectual and cultural history with the history of science, Anthropology at War examines both the origins and consequences of this shift. Evans locates its roots in the decision to allow scientists access to prisoner-of-war camps, which prompted them to focus their research on racial studies of the captives. Caught up in wartime nationalism, a new generation of anthropologists began to portray the country's political enemies as racially different. After the war ended, the importance placed on racial conceptions and categories persisted, paving the way for the politicization of scientific inquiry in the years of the ascendancy of National Socialism.

Anthropology --- Racism in anthropology --- Anthropologie --- Racisme en anthropologie --- History --- Histoire --- eugenics, race, science, genetics, germany, anthropology, nationalism, racism, hierarchy, prisoner of war, camps, medical experimentation, human subjects, enemy, politics, nazi, fascism, hitler, mobilization, wartime, pow, foreignness, racial hygiene, rassenkunde, history, nonfiction, difference, photography, national socialism. --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences --- Human beings

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In this global and comparative study of Pacific War incarceration environments we explore the arc of the Pacific Basin as an archipelagic network of militarized penal sites. Grounded in spatial, physical and material analyses focused on experiences of civilian internees, minority citizens, and enemy prisoners of war, the book offers an architectural and urban understanding of the unfolding history and aftermath of World War II in the Pacific. Examples are drawn from Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Japan, and North America. The Architecture of Confinement highlights the contrasting physical facilities, urban formations and material character of various camps and the ways in which these uncover different interpretations of wartime sovereignty. The exclusion and material deprivation of selective populations within these camp environments extends the practices by which land, labor and capital are expropriated in settler-colonial societies; practices critical to identity formation and endemic to their legacies of liberal democracy.

World War, 1939-1945 --- Japanese Americans --- Prisoners of war --- Architecture and war --- Internment camps --- Prisoner-of-war camps --- Concentration camps --- History. --- Forced removal and internment, 1942-1945. --- History --- P.O.W. camps --- POW camps --- Military camps --- Prisons --- Incarceration camps --- Detention of persons --- War and architecture --- War --- Buildings --- Military architecture --- Exchange of prisoners of war --- POWs (Prisoners of war) --- War prisoners --- Prisoners --- Forced removal of Japanese Americans, 1942-1945 --- Internment of Japanese Americans, 1942-1945 --- European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- History, Modern --- Housing --- War damage --- Evacuation and relocation, 1942-1945 --- Forced removal of civilians --- Prisoners of war. --- Prisoner-of-war camps. --- Concentration camps. --- Prisoners and prisons

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The archaeology of war has revealed evidence of bravery, sacrifice, heroism, cowardice, and atrocities. Mostly absent from these narratives of victory and defeat, however, are the experiences of prisoners of war, despite what these can teach us about cruelty, ingenuity, and human adaptability. The international array of case studies in Prisoners of War restores this hidden past through case studies of PoW camps of the Napoleonic era, the American Civil War, and both World Wars. These bring to light wide variations in historical and cultural details, excavation and investigative methods used, items found and their interpretation, and their contributions to archaeology, history and heritage. Illustrated with diagrams, period photographs, and historical quotations, these chapters vividly reveal challenges and opportunities for researchers and heritage managers, and revisit powerful ethical questions that persist to this day. Notorious and lesser-known aspects of PoW experiences that are addressed include:   Designing and operating an 18th-century British PoW camp. Life and death at Confederate and Union American Civil War PoW camps. The role of possessions in coping strategies during World War I. The archaeology of the ‘Great Escape’ Experiencing and negotiating space at civilian internment camps in Germany and Allied PoW camps in Normandy in World War II. The role of archaeology in the memorial process, in America, Norway, Germany and France Graffiti, decorative ponds, illicit saké drinking, and family life  at Japanese American camps   As one of the first book-length examinations of this fascinating multidisciplinary topic, Prisoners of War merits serious attention from historians, social justice researchers and activists, archaeologists, and anthropologists.

Prisoners of war -- Violence against -- France -- History -- 20th century. --- World War, 1914-1918 -- Prisoners and prisons, British. --- Archaeology and history --- Prisoner-of-war camps --- Concentration camps --- History & Archaeology --- Archaeology --- History --- Prisoners of war --- Death camps --- Detention camps --- Extermination camps --- Internment camps --- Exchange of prisoners of war --- POWs (Prisoners of war) --- War prisoners --- Social sciences. --- Cultural heritage. --- Anthropology. --- Archaeology. --- Social Sciences. --- Cultural Heritage. --- Detention of persons --- Military camps --- Prisoners --- Human beings --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Archeology --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Antiquities --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences