Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

United States monetary policy has traditionally been modeled under the assumption that the domestic economy is immune to international factors and exogenous shocks. Such an assumption is increasingly unrealistic in the age of integrated capital markets, tightened links between national economies, and reduced trading costs. International Dimensions of Monetary Policy brings together fresh research to address the repercussions of the continuing evolution toward globalization for the conduct of monetary policy. In this comprehensive book, the authors examine the

Monetary policy --- Globalization --- International finance --- globalization, monetary policy, trading costs, trade, international, finance, national economy, capital markets, integration, domestic shocks, currency, price, stability, nonfiction, economics, competition, inflation, liquidity, oil, macroeconomics, market imperfections, emerging economies, government, regulation, intervention.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Controlling inflation is among the most important objectives of economic policy. By maintaining price stability, policy makers are able to reduce uncertainty, improve price-monitoring mechanisms, and facilitate more efficient planning and allocation of resources, thereby raising productivity. This volume focuses on understanding the causes of the Great Inflation of the 1970s and '80s, which saw rising inflation in many nations, and which propelled interest rates across the developing world into the double digits. In the decades since, the immediate cause of the period's rise in inflation has been the subject of considerable debate. Among the areas of contention are the role of monetary policy in driving inflation and the implications this had both for policy design and for evaluating the performance of those who set the policy. Here, contributors map monetary policy from the 1960s to the present, shedding light on the ways in which the lessons of the Great Inflation were absorbed and applied to today's global and increasingly complex economic environment.

Inflation (Finance) --- Economic history --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- History --- macroeconomics, economy, government, governing, regulation, price stability, policymakers, price-monitoring mechanisms, efficient planning, allocation of resources, raising productivity, great inflation, economics, 20th century, history, business, interest rates, developing world, monetary policy, central banks, academics, fiscal authorities, economic institutions, new zealand, stagflation, stop-start policies, canada, germany, japan, united kingdom.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

High volatility in the world prices of petroleum has been a characteristic feature of the global economy in the last decade. World petroleum prices increased four-fold between 2004 and 2008 and, and following a drop in prices in the second half of 2008, petroleum prices have been rising again, and they are several times higher than they were two decades ago. Since high and volatility of prices is likely to be a permanent feature of the global economy for the foreseeable future, they merit a reconsideration of the national transport and taxation policies that were put in place when fuel prices were not such a significant component of trade-related transactions costs in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. Transport practices that were based on the assumption of low price of fuel are not sustainable, and policies neglect fuel efficiency considerations through lowering the fuel consumption of vehicles measures are no longer sustainable. Efficient and low transport cost is essential to achieve regional economic integration and strengthen Africa's competitiveness in external markets. Higher diesel prices also impact on the prices of all other goods which use diesel as an intermediate input. The most significant among them with implications for the poor in low-income developing countries is food, on which the poor spend a disproportionately high share of their total household expenditures. This report is in three parts in the first part, transport fuel prices in the countries of SSA are compared with those of other regions of the world. The comparison is not only in terms of the actual retail prices but also, but taking account of per capita incomes and truck revenues, also in terms of affordability. This Part also provides evidence of the make-up of transport fuel prices in SSA countries, as a first step in assessing how they can be dealt with. The second part provides new evidence of the impact of these high fuel prices on the export competiveness of a sample of six SSA countries. It also provides a shorter description of the results of a study of the impact of fuel prices on logistics costs in Central America, since so far there have not been any studies of the impact of high transport fuel prices on logistics and food costs in SSA countries. The third part deals with the ways in which the impact of high transport fuel prices can be addressed. Two main areas of action are described, those that would reduce the retail price of transport fuel and those that would increase fuel efficiency, so they impact of high prices would be reduced. This section focuses on diesel fuel, as this is by far the most used by the trucks that transport export products and are involved in domestic logistics. This section concludes with some ideas on what could be done next to make progress on implementing the most promising ideas for reducing the impact of high transport fuel prices.

Agriculture --- Bidding --- Car Ownership --- Climate Change --- Cost of Living --- Economic theory & Research --- Economies of Scale --- Electricity --- Energy --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Fuel Prices --- Fuel Taxes --- Fuels --- Gasoline Tax --- Gdp --- Inflation --- Kerosene --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Maritime Transport --- Marketing --- Oil & Gas --- Oil-Importing Countries --- Petroleum Products --- Petroleum Sector --- Price Stability --- Private Sector --- Roads --- Social Protections & Assistance --- Social Protections and Labor --- Transparency --- Transport Costs

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Lao PDR economic growth continues to be strong in 2010, against the backdrop of a fragile global recovery yet dynamic regional demand. Growth is projected at 8.5 percent in 2010, from 7.5 percent in 2009. The resources sector is projected to contribute about 4 percentage points of economic growth, of which electricity, water and gas about 3.2 percentage points. This update reports mainly on recent economic developments and medium-term outlook for the country.

Agriculture --- Analysis of Economic Growth --- Banking Sector --- Capital Flows --- Commodity Prices --- Currencies and Exchange Rates --- Debt --- Depreciation --- Economic Growth --- Economic Management --- Exchange Rates --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Fiscal & Monetary Policy --- Food & Beverage Industry --- Food Security --- Food Shortage --- Industry --- Inflation --- Macroeconomic Management --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Maize --- Meat --- Natural Resources --- Poverty Reduction --- Price Stability --- Public Spending --- Slowdown --- Wages

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This policy note provides an assessment of some of the impacts and proposed policy responses to problems related to the drought, including the rise in food prices. To address immediate needs, the humanitarian response to the drought is being managed by the Government of Kenya and a number of international organizations including the World Food Program (WFP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Recognizing that response needs are currently recognizing that response needs are currently being addressed, this note focuses on policy changes that can address long term vulnerabilities related to the drought.

Agribusiness & Markets --- Agricultural Policy --- Agriculture --- Cash Transfers --- Climate Change --- Drought Management --- Expenditures --- External Shocks --- Food Security --- Household Income --- Human Capital --- Hunger --- Insurance --- Land Tenure --- Maize --- Poverty Line --- Poverty Reduction --- Poverty Traps --- Price Stability --- Rainy Season --- Rice --- Risk Aversion --- Risk Management --- Rural Development --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Social Insurance --- Social Protections and Labor --- Staple Foods --- Surplus --- Water Resources --- Wheat --- World Food Programme