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Post-weaning social isolation of rats produces psychological and physiological changes that are relevant to schizophrenia. Here, we report that long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 to subiculum pathway is lower by 34%, (P<0.0001) in brain slices from isolates compared with those from socially housed rats. We also report that LTP in this pathway is NMDA receptor-dependent. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Abnormalities. --- Acoustic startle. --- Brain. --- Ca1. --- Cognitive impairment. --- Expression. --- Hippocampal-formation. --- Isolation. --- Long-term potentiation. --- Long-term. --- Ltp. --- Nmda receptor. --- Nucleus-accumbens. --- Physiological. --- Post weaning. --- Potentiation. --- Prepulse inhibition. --- Projections. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Schizophrenia. --- Slices. --- Social isolation. --- Social-isolation. --- Social. --- Subfields. --- Subiculum. --- Time.

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This book is a collection of scientific articles which brings research in Si nanodevices, device processing, and materials. The content is oriented to optoelectronics with a core in electronics and photonics. The issue of current technology developments in the nanodevices towards 3D integration and an emerging of the electronics and photonics as an ultimate goal in nanotechnology in the future is presented. The book contains a few review articles to update the knowledge in Si-based devices and followed by processing of advanced nano-scale transistors. Furthermore, material growth and manufacturing of several types of devices are presented. The subjects are carefully chosen to critically cover the scientific issues for scientists and doctoral students.

Technology: general issues --- silicon --- yolk−shell structure --- anode --- lithium-ion batteries --- in-plane nanowire --- site-controlled --- epitaxial growth --- germanium --- nanowire-based quantum devices --- HfO2/Si0.7Ge0.3 gate stack --- ozone oxidation --- Si-cap --- interface state density --- passivation --- GOI --- photodetectors --- dark current --- responsivity --- prussian blue nanoparticles --- organotrialkoxysilane --- silica beads --- arsenite --- arsenate --- water decontamination --- vertical gate-all-around (vGAA) --- digital etch --- quasi-atomic-layer etching (q-ALE) --- selective wet etching --- HNO3 concentration --- doping effect --- vertical Gate-all-around (vGAA) --- p+-Ge0.8Si0.2/Ge stack --- dual-selective wet etching --- atomic layer etching (ALE) --- stacked SiGe/Si --- epitaxial grown --- Fin etching --- FinFET --- short-term potentiation (STP) --- long-term potentiation (LTP) --- charge-trap synaptic transistor --- band-to-band tunneling --- pattern recognition --- neural network --- neuromorphic system --- Si-MOS --- quantum dot --- spin qubits --- quantum computing --- GeSn --- CVD --- lasers --- detectors --- transistors --- III-V on Si --- heteroepitaxy --- threading dislocation densities (TDDs) --- anti-phase boundaries (APBs) --- selective epitaxial growth (SEG) --- n/a

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Maternal care in the rat influences the development of cognitive function in the offspring through neural systems known to mediate activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. The offspring of mothers that exhibit increased levels of pup licking/grooming (high-LG mothers) show increased hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subunit mRNA expression, enhanced synaptogenesis and improved hippocampal-dependent spatial learning in comparison with animals reared by low-LG mothers. The effects of reduced maternal care on cognitive function are reversed with peripubertal environmental enrichment; however, the neural mechanisms mediating this effect are not known. In these studies we exposed the offspring of high- and low-LG mothers to environmental enrichment from days 22 to 70 of life, and measured the expression of genes encoding for glutamate receptor subunits and synaptophysin expression as a measure of synaptic density. Environmental enrichment reversed the effects of maternal care on synaptic density and this effect was, in turn, associated with a reversal of the effect of maternal care on the NR2A and NR2B subunits of the NMDA receptor, as well as effects on (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunits. Finally, direct infusion of an NR2B-specific NMIDA receptor antagonist into the hippocampus eliminated the effects of maternal care on spatial learning/memory in the Morris water maze. These findings suggest that: (1) the effects of maternal care are mediated by changes in NR2B gene expression; and (2) that environmental enrichment reverses the effects of reduced maternal care through the same genomic target, the NR2B gene, and possibly effects on other subunits of the NMIDA and AMPA receptors

Aged rats. --- Ampa receptors. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Care. --- Cognitive function. --- Density. --- Dentate gyrus. --- Development. --- Enrichment. --- Environmental enrichment. --- Expression. --- Function. --- Gene-expression. --- Gene. --- Genes. --- Glutamate receptors. --- Glutamate. --- Hippocampal. --- Hippocampus. --- Immediate-early gene. --- Learning. --- Level. --- Life. --- Long-term potentiation. --- Maternal care. --- Maternal-care. --- Maternal. --- Mechanisms. --- Memory consolidation. --- Messenger-rna. --- Morris water maze. --- Mother. --- Mothers. --- Neural systems. --- Nmda receptor. --- Plasticity. --- Rat hippocampus. --- Rat. --- Receptor antagonist. --- Receptor. --- Receptors. --- Spatial learning. --- Spatial memory. --- Spatial. --- Synaptic plasticity. --- System. --- Systems. --- Time. --- Water maze.

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This book is a collection of scientific articles which brings research in Si nanodevices, device processing, and materials. The content is oriented to optoelectronics with a core in electronics and photonics. The issue of current technology developments in the nanodevices towards 3D integration and an emerging of the electronics and photonics as an ultimate goal in nanotechnology in the future is presented. The book contains a few review articles to update the knowledge in Si-based devices and followed by processing of advanced nano-scale transistors. Furthermore, material growth and manufacturing of several types of devices are presented. The subjects are carefully chosen to critically cover the scientific issues for scientists and doctoral students.

Technology: general issues --- silicon --- yolk−shell structure --- anode --- lithium-ion batteries --- in-plane nanowire --- site-controlled --- epitaxial growth --- germanium --- nanowire-based quantum devices --- HfO2/Si0.7Ge0.3 gate stack --- ozone oxidation --- Si-cap --- interface state density --- passivation --- GOI --- photodetectors --- dark current --- responsivity --- prussian blue nanoparticles --- organotrialkoxysilane --- silica beads --- arsenite --- arsenate --- water decontamination --- vertical gate-all-around (vGAA) --- digital etch --- quasi-atomic-layer etching (q-ALE) --- selective wet etching --- HNO3 concentration --- doping effect --- vertical Gate-all-around (vGAA) --- p+-Ge0.8Si0.2/Ge stack --- dual-selective wet etching --- atomic layer etching (ALE) --- stacked SiGe/Si --- epitaxial grown --- Fin etching --- FinFET --- short-term potentiation (STP) --- long-term potentiation (LTP) --- charge-trap synaptic transistor --- band-to-band tunneling --- pattern recognition --- neural network --- neuromorphic system --- Si-MOS --- quantum dot --- spin qubits --- quantum computing --- GeSn --- CVD --- lasers --- detectors --- transistors --- III-V on Si --- heteroepitaxy --- threading dislocation densities (TDDs) --- anti-phase boundaries (APBs) --- selective epitaxial growth (SEG) --- silicon --- yolk−shell structure --- anode --- lithium-ion batteries --- in-plane nanowire --- site-controlled --- epitaxial growth --- germanium --- nanowire-based quantum devices --- HfO2/Si0.7Ge0.3 gate stack --- ozone oxidation --- Si-cap --- interface state density --- passivation --- GOI --- photodetectors --- dark current --- responsivity --- prussian blue nanoparticles --- organotrialkoxysilane --- silica beads --- arsenite --- arsenate --- water decontamination --- vertical gate-all-around (vGAA) --- digital etch --- quasi-atomic-layer etching (q-ALE) --- selective wet etching --- HNO3 concentration --- doping effect --- vertical Gate-all-around (vGAA) --- p+-Ge0.8Si0.2/Ge stack --- dual-selective wet etching --- atomic layer etching (ALE) --- stacked SiGe/Si --- epitaxial grown --- Fin etching --- FinFET --- short-term potentiation (STP) --- long-term potentiation (LTP) --- charge-trap synaptic transistor --- band-to-band tunneling --- pattern recognition --- neural network --- neuromorphic system --- Si-MOS --- quantum dot --- spin qubits --- quantum computing --- GeSn --- CVD --- lasers --- detectors --- transistors --- III-V on Si --- heteroepitaxy --- threading dislocation densities (TDDs) --- anti-phase boundaries (APBs) --- selective epitaxial growth (SEG)

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Drug Antagonism. --- Drug Synergism. --- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions. --- Drug Interactions. --- Drug interactions --- Drugs --- -#GBIB:CBMER --- Medicaments --- Medications --- Medicine (Drugs) --- Medicines (Drugs) --- Pharmaceuticals --- Prescription drugs --- Bioactive compounds --- Medical supplies --- Pharmacopoeias --- Chemotherapy --- Materia medica --- Pharmacology --- Pharmacy --- Interactions, Drug --- Drug Interaction --- Interaction, Drug --- Metabolic Detoxication, Phase I --- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions --- Metabolic Side Effects of Drugs and Substances --- Drug Augmentation --- Drug Potentiation --- Augmentation, Drug --- Augmentations, Drug --- Drug Augmentations --- Drug Potentiations --- Drug Synergisms --- Potentiation, Drug --- Potentiations, Drug --- Synergism, Drug --- Synergisms, Drug --- Drug Combinations --- Drug Therapy, Combination --- Antagonism, Drug --- Antagonisms, Drug --- Drug Antagonisms --- Pharmaceutical Preparations --- Polypharmacy --- Toxicology --- Side effects --- antagonists & inhibitors --- Drug interactions. --- Toxicology. --- Drug Antagonism --- Drug Interactions --- Drug Synergism --- #GBIB:CBMER --- Adverse Drug Event --- Adverse Drug Reaction --- Drug Side Effects --- Drug Toxicity --- Side Effects of Drugs --- Toxicity, Drug --- Adverse Drug Events --- Adverse Drug Reactions --- Drug Event, Adverse --- Drug Events, Adverse --- Drug Reaction, Adverse --- Drug Reactions, Adverse --- Drug Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions --- Drug Side Effect --- Drug Toxicities --- Effects, Drug Side --- Reactions, Adverse Drug --- Side Effect, Drug --- Side Effects, Drug --- Toxicities, Drug --- Drug Therapy --- Contraindications, Drug --- Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic --- Drug toxicity --- adverse effects --- toxicity