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Nutrition is a key element that has the potential to reduce bone loss and fracture risk. While nutrition has become one of many variables that can impact bone health, there is a need to formulate and maintain nutritional approaches and techniques for the prevention and treatment of bone health-associated disorders that may affect women's health. This book, compiling articles published during 2021–2022, belongs to the Topical Collection " Nutrition and Women Bone Health". The application of the knowledge presented here may subsequently provide further support for preventive approaches based on population-based interventions. Key major topics related to the relationship between different nutrients and women's bone health are discussed using high-quality research methodologies, including randomized clinical trials and observational studies, all of which are led by notable nutritional and clinical researchers. The Guest Editor intends for this book to contribute to expanding the body of knowledge on bone health and nutrition in women as well as highlight the pivotal role that this interaction plays in human health throughout populations. The findings represent a beginning point for future research, which should progressively be focused on experimental investigations with diverse populations and demographic groups in order to further understand the link between nutrition and bone health in women.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- bone mass --- dietary total antioxidant capacity --- KNHANES --- menopause --- osteoporosis --- fatty acids --- n-3 PUFAs --- bone mineral density --- postmenopause --- botanicals --- herbs --- postmenopausal women --- vitamin D --- bone remodeling --- cheese --- enriched dairy --- vitamin E --- bone turnover --- osteopenia --- tocopherol --- bone marker turnover --- bone health

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The degree to which memory is enhanced by estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women may depend on environmental factors such as education. The present study utilized an animal model of environmental enrichment to determine whether environmental factors influence the mnemonic and neural response to estrogen. Female mice were raised in standard (SC) or enriched (EC) conditions from weaning until adulthood (7 months). All mice were ovariectornized at 10 weeks, and tested in object recognition and water-escape motivated radial arm maze (WRAM) tasks at 6 months. Each day at the completion of training, mice received injections of 0.1 mg/kg cyclodextrin-encapsulated 17-beta-estradiol (E-2), 0.2 mg/kg E-2, or cyclodextrin vehicle (VEH). At the completion of behavioral testing, hippocampal levels of the presynaptic protein synaptophysin and of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured. Enrichment effects were evident in VEH-treated mice; relative to SC-VEH females, EC-VEH females committed fewer working memory errors in the WRAM and exhibited increased hippocampal synaptophysin levels. Estrogen effects depended on environmental conditions. E-2 (0.2 mg/kg) improved object memory only in SC females. The same dose improved working memory in SC females, but somewhat impaired working memory in EC females. Furthermore, both doses reduced hippocampal synaptophysin levels in EC, but not SC, females. In contrast, E-2 reduced hippocampal BDNF levels in SC, but not EC, females. This study is the first to compare the effects of estrogen on memory and hippocampal function in enriched and non-enriched female mice. The results suggest that: (1) estrogen benefits object and working memory more in mice raised in non-enriched environments than in those raised in enriched environments, and (2) the changes induced by estrogen and/or enrichment may be associated with alterations in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO

Adulthood. --- Aged female mice. --- Animal model. --- Animal-model. --- Animal. --- Bdnf. --- Dendritic spine density. --- Education. --- Enriched environment. --- Enriched. --- Enrichment. --- Environment. --- Environmental enrichment. --- Environments. --- Estradiol. --- Estrogen. --- Factor messenger-rna. --- Female mice. --- Female. --- Females. --- Function. --- Health initiative memory. --- Hippocampal. --- Hippocampus. --- Hormone replacement therapy. --- Injections. --- Level. --- Memory consolidation. --- Memory. --- Mice. --- Model. --- Neurotrophic factor. --- Object recognition. --- Object. --- Plasticity. --- Postmenopausal women. --- Protein. --- Radial arm maze. --- Radial-arm maze. --- Randomized controlled-trial. --- Recognition. --- Replacement. --- Response. --- Spatial reference memory. --- Synaptic plasticity. --- Synaptophysin. --- Task. --- Tasks. --- Time. --- Training. --- Weaning. --- Women. --- Working memory. --- Working-memory.

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Sarcopenia represents the decline in skeletal muscle mass and function with age, characterized by the muscle fiber's quality, strength, muscle endurance, and metabolic ability decreasing, as well as the fat and connective tissue growing.Reduction of muscle strength with aging leads to loss of functional capacity, causing disability, mortality, and other adverse health outcomes. Because of the increase of the proportion of elderly in the population, sarcopenia-related morbidity will become an increasing area of health care resource utilization.Diagnostic screening consists of individuation of body composition, assessed by DEXA, anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance, MRI, or CT scan. Management is possible with resistance training exercise and vibration therapy, nutritional supplements, and pharmacological treatment.The book includes articles from different nationalities, treating the experimental and medical applications of sarcopenia. The consequences of sarcopenia in frailty are treated in relation to other associated pathologies or lesions, as femoral neck fractures and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Medicine --- muscle-mass --- sleep efficiency --- sleep duration --- insomnia --- sarcopenia --- quality of life --- osteoporosis --- postmenopausal women --- sedentary behaviour --- aged --- exercise --- motivation --- hepatoma --- myokine --- decorin --- walking distance --- survival --- muscle strength --- resistance training --- randomized controlled trial --- nutritional status --- nutritional screening tools --- hospitalized older patients --- resistance exercise training --- muscle regulatory factors --- deconditioning --- skeletal muscle --- elderly --- hypertrophy --- multimorbidity --- polypathological patients --- frailty --- oxidative stress --- telomere length --- apoptosis --- spirometry --- urea --- fatigue --- respiratory system --- skeletal muscles --- lipids --- transaminases --- falls --- resistance exercise --- vibration --- electrical stimulation --- hip fracture --- diagnosis --- treatment --- prevention --- dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry --- bisphosphonate --- β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate --- exercise intervention --- fall risk --- balance --- anxiety --- depression --- sleep quality --- type 2 diabetes --- physical activity --- muscle mass --- protein intake --- accelerometer --- aerobic exercise training --- mitochondria --- endurance --- fractures --- ageing fractures --- complications --- recovery --- rehabilitation --- nutritional supplements --- physical therapy --- cognition --- brain-body cross-talk --- older persons --- prevalence --- physical functional performance --- epidemiologic studies --- aging --- panoramic ultrasound --- echogenicity --- specific force --- isokinetic dynamometry --- muscle quality --- strength --- older adults --- diagnostic criteria --- clinical

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Calcium is the main mineral in the body, involved in a variety of structural and functional roles. The maintenance of calcium homeostasis is perhaps the most studied function of vitamin D. This Special Issue of Nutrients, “Calcium, Vitamin D and Health” contains 12 original publications and two reviews investigating the contribution of (mainly) vitamin D and calcium on relevant health outcomes in a variety of populations, which reflect the evolving and broad interest of researchers on this topic.

Vitamin D --- females --- exercise --- sedentary lifestyle --- nutrition --- elderly --- vitamin D --- depression --- depressive symptoms --- Mendelian randomization --- cyclists --- adolescence --- bone turnover --- osteocalcin --- dietary calcium intake --- adolescent boys --- adiposity --- percentage of body fat --- insulin resistance --- adipocytokines --- type 1 diabetes --- type 2 diabetes --- metabolic syndrome --- autoimmune --- children --- cancer --- vitamin D metabolites --- vitamin D supplementation --- vitamin D metabolite ratio --- randomized controlled trial --- 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D --- calcitriol --- body mass index --- lean mass --- fat mass --- bone mineral density --- postmenopausal women --- obesity --- macronutrients --- sunlight --- physical activity --- season --- body composition --- strength --- bone health --- mediation --- childhood --- enriched food --- child --- cholecalciferol --- ergocalciferols --- dairy products --- multiple sclerosis --- fibroblast growth factor 23 --- vitamin D binding protein --- hypovitaminosis D --- 25-hydroxyvitamin D --- postherpetic neuralgia --- spontaneous pain --- brush-evoked pain --- varicella-zoster virus immunoglobulin --- DN4questionnaire --- vitamin D deficiency --- vitamin D supplements --- weight loss --- low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol --- high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol --- triglycerides (TG) --- blood pressure --- n/a --- athletic performance --- 25(OH)D --- supplementation --- deficiency --- athlete

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Calcium is the main mineral in the body, involved in a variety of structural and functional roles. The maintenance of calcium homeostasis is perhaps the most studied function of vitamin D. This Special Issue of Nutrients, “Calcium, Vitamin D and Health” contains 12 original publications and two reviews investigating the contribution of (mainly) vitamin D and calcium on relevant health outcomes in a variety of populations, which reflect the evolving and broad interest of researchers on this topic.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- Vitamin D --- females --- exercise --- sedentary lifestyle --- nutrition --- elderly --- vitamin D --- depression --- depressive symptoms --- Mendelian randomization --- cyclists --- adolescence --- bone turnover --- osteocalcin --- dietary calcium intake --- adolescent boys --- adiposity --- percentage of body fat --- insulin resistance --- adipocytokines --- type 1 diabetes --- type 2 diabetes --- metabolic syndrome --- autoimmune --- children --- cancer --- vitamin D metabolites --- vitamin D supplementation --- vitamin D metabolite ratio --- randomized controlled trial --- 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D --- calcitriol --- body mass index --- lean mass --- fat mass --- bone mineral density --- postmenopausal women --- obesity --- macronutrients --- sunlight --- physical activity --- season --- body composition --- strength --- bone health --- mediation --- childhood --- enriched food --- child --- cholecalciferol --- ergocalciferols --- dairy products --- multiple sclerosis --- fibroblast growth factor 23 --- vitamin D binding protein --- hypovitaminosis D --- 25-hydroxyvitamin D --- postherpetic neuralgia --- spontaneous pain --- brush-evoked pain --- varicella-zoster virus immunoglobulin --- DN4questionnaire --- vitamin D deficiency --- vitamin D supplements --- weight loss --- low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol --- high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol --- triglycerides (TG) --- blood pressure --- athletic performance --- 25(OH)D --- supplementation --- deficiency --- athlete