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This is the first book-length functional-typologically inspired crosslinguistic study of comitatives and related categories such as the instrumental. On the basis of data drawn from 400 languages world-wide (covering all major phyla and areas), the authors test and revise a variety of general linguistic hypotheses about the grammar and cognitive foundations of comitatives. Three types of languages are identified according to the morphological treatment of the comitative and its syncretistic association with other concepts. It is shown that the structural behaviour of comitatives is areally biassed and that the languages of Europe tend to diverge from the majority of the world's languages. This has important repercussions for a language-independent definition of the comitative. The supposed conceptual closeness of comitative and instrumental is discussed in some detail and a semantic map of the comitative is put forward. Markedness is the crucial concept for the evaluation of the relation that ties comitatives and instrumentals to each other. In a separate chapter, the diachrony of comitatives is looked into from the perspective of grammaticalisation research. Throughout the book, the argumentation is richly documented by empirical data. The book contains three case-studies of the comitative in Icelandic, Latvian and Maltese - each of which represents one of the three language types identified earlier in the text. For the purpose of comparing the languages of Europe, a chapter is devoted to the analysis of a large parallel literary corpus (covering 64 languages) which reveals that the parameters of genetic affiliation, areal location and typological classification interact in intricate ways when it comes to predicting whether or not two languages of the sample behave similarly as to the use to which they put their comitative morphemes. With a view to determining the degree of similarity between the languages of the European sub-sample, methods of quantitative typology are employed. General linguists with an interest in case, functional typologists, grammaticalisation researchers and experts of markedness issues will value this book as an important contribution to their respective fields of interest. We regret that, due to a PDF problem, the figure on page 111 is partly shown in black. Please find the correct table here.

Grammar, Comparative and general --- Markedness (Linguistics) --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Language and languages --- Linguistic typology --- Linguistics --- Linguistic universals --- Grammaticalization --- Semantics --- Marked member (Linguistics) --- Distinctive features (Linguistics) --- Generative grammar --- Case --- Case. --- Grammaticalization. --- Typology --- Classification --- Syntax --- Europe --- Languages. --- Grammar --- Philology --- Language Typology. --- Possessive constructions.

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The articles in this volume present contemporary and original research on linguistic meaning, concept formation and conceptual analysis. A central theme across the articles is the question of how concepts are structured, how they are represented in the mind, and how they are expressed in language. Two introductory papers on concept types and frames set out the crucial role of attributes and frames for the representation of concepts. The topics of the contributions range from the interrelation between determination and reference of nominal expressions, the verbal and adjectival expression of attributes, and the analysis of metonymy to the frame-based representation of action-related concepts and the classification of mental disorders in psychiatry. The collection of articles provided by this volume will be of interest to researchers and advanced students in the fields of semantics, pragmatics, philosophy of mind, and the cognitive sciences.

LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / General. --- Action-Frames. --- Alexander Tokar. --- Alexander Ziem. --- Associative Anaphora. --- Barsalou Frames. --- Brigitte Schwarze. --- Christian Horn. --- Cognitive Frames. --- Cognitive Linguistic. --- Concept Frames. --- Concept Types. --- Concept of FEAR. --- Definiteness Effect. --- Determination. --- Diachrony. --- Experimental Method. --- Frame Theory. --- FrameNet. --- French. --- Functional Concepts. --- Functional Frames. --- Gerhard Schurz. --- Gottfried Vosgerau. --- Hana Filip. --- Hans Geisler. --- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf. --- Irem Girgin. --- Irene Russo. --- Italian Nouns. --- Julia Weiland. --- Jürgen Zielasek. --- Karin Fauerbach. --- Laura Kallmeyer. --- Liane Ströbel. --- Linguistic Realizations. --- Manner Adjectives. --- Metonymic Euphemism. --- Michael T. Stuart. --- New Classification. --- Nominal Concept Types. --- Non-Intersectivity. --- Nouns across Languages. --- Peter Indefrey. --- Possessive Constructions. --- Psychiatric Classification. --- Representation of Concepts. --- Representation of Frames. --- Robert D. van Valin. --- Ryo Oda. --- SFB 991. --- Sarah Jungbluth. --- Sascha Alexeyenko. --- Sebastian Löbner. --- Stative Dimensional Verbs. --- The definite article. --- Tim Seuchter. --- Tommaso Caselli. --- Wolfgang Gaebel. --- Yoshiki Mori. --- Yuko Kobukata.