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Small area poverty maps allow for the design of policies based on spatial differences in welfare. They are typically estimated based on a consumption survey reporting on poverty and a census providing the spatial disaggregation. This paper presents a new method which allows for the estimation of up-to-date small area poverty maps when only a dated census and a more recent survey are available and predictors and structural parameters are subject to drift over time, a situation commonly encountered in practice. Instead of using survey variables to explain consumption in the survey, the new approach uses variables constructed from the census. The proposed estimator has fewer data requirements and weaker assumptions than common small area poverty map estimators. Applications to simulated data and to poverty estimation in Brazil show an overall good performance.

Censuses --- Education --- Educational Sciences --- Employment and Unemployment --- Inequality --- Population Estimates --- Poverty --- Poverty Assessment --- Poverty Diagnostics --- Poverty Impact Evaluation --- Poverty Lines --- Poverty Monitoring and Analysis --- Poverty Reduction --- Small Area Estimation --- Small Area Estimation Poverty Mapps --- Social Protections and Labor

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The number of young people is reaching unprecedented levels in most developing countries. In many countries, especially in East Asia and Latin America, youth populations are at or near their peak, and will decline in coming decades. In other countries, especially in Africa and South Asia, youth populations will continue growing for several decades. From an economic perspective, absolute numbers may be less important than the growth rate or relative size of youth cohorts. Growth rates and the ratio of youth to working-age population reached a peak in the 1970s or 1980s in most developing countries. The worst economic pressures of youth demography may have already occurred in many countries, although significant pressure will continue in Africa and South Asia.

Changes In Fertility --- Demographic Changes --- Developing Countries --- Economic Change --- Economic Implications --- Family Resources --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Labor Market --- Lam --- Policy --- Policy Research --- Policy Research Working Paper --- Population --- Population Estimates --- Population Policies --- Population Projections --- Population Studies --- Progress --- Rate Of Growth --- United Nations Population Division --- World Population --- Young People --- Youth and Government