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Social classes --- Working class whites --- Poor whites --- Social classes in mass media --- Social conditions --- Social conditions

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Class, Whiteness, and Southern Literature explores the role that representations of poor white people play in shaping both middle-class American identity and major American literary movements and genres across the long twentieth century. Jolene Hubbs reveals that, more often than not, poor white characters imagined by middle-class writers embody what better-off people are anxious to distance themselves from in a given moment. Poor white southerners are cast as social climbers during the status-conscious Gilded Age, country rubes in the modern era, racist obstacles to progress during the civil rights struggle, and junk food devotees in the health-conscious 1990s. Hubbs illuminates how Charles Chesnutt, William Faulkner, Flannery O'Connor, Dorothy Allison, and Barbara Robinette Moss swam against these tides, pioneering formal innovations with an eye to representing poor white characters in new ways.

American literature --- Authors, American --- Poor white people in literature. --- White people in literature. --- Literature and society --- History and criticism. --- History. --- Southern States --- In literature. --- Literature --- Literature and sociology --- Society and literature --- Sociology and literature --- Sociolinguistics --- Whites in literature --- Poor whites in literature --- American authors --- Social aspects

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This work charts the historical development of a postcolonial settlement that has given rise to a racialized distintion between the 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor, the latest incarnation of which is a distinction between a deserving, neglected white working class and 'others' who are undeserving, not indigenous, and not white.

Race discrimination --- Poverty --- Poor --- Poor whites --- White poor people --- White people --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Subsistence economy --- Bias, Racial --- Discrimination, Racial --- Race bias --- Racial bias --- Racial discrimination --- Discrimination --- Economic aspects --- History --- Social aspects --- Social conditions --- Economic conditions --- Great Britain --- Race relations --- History. --- Economic aspects. --- Poor white people --- Social conditions.

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Analyzing land policy, labor, and legal history, Keri Leigh Merritt reveals what happens to excess workers when a capitalist system is predicated on slave labor. With the rising global demand for cotton - and thus, slaves - in the 1840s and 1850s, the need for white laborers in the American South was drastically reduced, creating a large underclass who were unemployed or underemployed. These poor whites could not compete - for jobs or living wages - with profitable slave labor. Though impoverished whites were never subjected to the daily violence and degrading humiliations of racial slavery, they did suffer tangible socio-economic consequences as a result of living in a slave society. Merritt examines how these 'masterless' men and women threatened the existing Southern hierarchy and ultimately helped push Southern slaveholders toward secession and civil war.

Poor whites --- Slavery --- Labor --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- Labor and laboring classes --- Manpower --- Work --- Working class --- White poor --- Poor --- Whites --- Social conditions --- Economic conditions --- Social aspects --- History --- Economic aspects --- Southern States --- American South --- American Southeast --- Dixie (U.S. : Region) --- Former Confederate States --- South, The --- Southeast (U.S.) --- Southeast United States --- Southeastern States --- Southern United States --- United States, Southern --- Race relations --- Land tenure --- Social conflict --- Class conflict --- Class struggle --- Conflict, Social --- Social tensions --- Interpersonal conflict --- Social psychology --- Sociology --- Agrarian tenure --- Feudal tenure --- Freehold --- Land ownership --- Land question --- Landownership --- Tenure of land --- Land use, Rural --- Real property --- Land, Nationalization of --- Landowners --- White poor people --- White people --- Enslaved persons