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Carcinogens. --- Polyomaviruses.

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Molecular virology. --- Papillomaviruses. --- Polyomaviruses.

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Herpesviruses. --- Polyomaviruses. --- Oncogenic viruses. --- Viral carcinogenesis. --- Molecular biology.

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Medical microbiology & virology --- Microbiology (non-medical) --- papillomaviruses human --- polyomaviruses human --- viral oncogenesis --- Hit-and-Run carcinogenesis --- Field cancerization --- Skin Cancer --- merkel cell carcinoma --- Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma --- BRAF inhibitors --- papillomaviruses human --- polyomaviruses human --- viral oncogenesis --- Hit-and-Run carcinogenesis --- Field cancerization --- Skin Cancer --- merkel cell carcinoma --- Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma --- BRAF inhibitors

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Science never solves apr oblem without creating ten more Geor ge Bernard Shaw How prophetic the above words prove to be when applied to the advances of 20th century medicine. Prior to Banting and Best, chnicians were unaware of the ravages of diabetes, patients simply wasted away and died. Following the purifica­ tion of insulin, clinicians now had to deal with diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neph­ ropathy and all the other complications of long-term diabetes. A little over 50 years ago, the first successful human kidney transplant was performed in Boston. The first 30 years of the experience had successes when compared to the alternative but were a constant struggle to get even 50% of the grafts from deceased donors to survive more than a year. However, the science continued to advance knowledge of the immune response. With this came more and increasingly powerful tools for the clinician. Suddenly, success rates of 80-90% at one year were attainable. With this success came new problems, new complications and clinicians now had to worry about the long-term consequences of their therapy as patients were surviving with functional grafts for extended periods. A particular infectious complication evolved with the application of ever more powerful immunosuppressant drugs. Astute clinicians noted that occasionally cellular rejections seemed to get worse with steroids. Despite their best efforts and the use of powerful drugs, patients lost their grafts to overwhelming interstitial infiltrates not seen before.

Polyomavirus infections. --- Polyomaviruses. --- Papovaviruses --- Polyoma virus --- Polyomavirus --- Polyomaviridae --- Oncogenic DNA viruses --- Polyomavirus diseases --- Virus diseases --- Immunology. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Pathology. --- Neurology. --- Oncology  . --- Infectious Diseases. --- Oncology. --- Tumors --- Medicine --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Disease (Pathology) --- Medical sciences --- Diseases --- Medicine, Preventive --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Infectious diseases. --- Neurology . --- Communicable diseases. --- Contagion and contagious diseases --- Contagious diseases --- Infectious diseases --- Microbial diseases in human beings --- Zymotic diseases --- Infection --- Epidemics