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Le neoconservatisme explique-t-il a lui seul la guerre en Irak et doit-il s'y resumer ? Certainement pas. Voici l'ouvrage qu'il faut lire pour comprendre un pan essentiel de la vie politique americaine depuis des annees. Apres plus de sept ans de recherches en profondeur, Justin Vaisse propose le premier expose historique d'ensemble du neoconservatisme a expliquer clairement ses origines et sa diversite depuis les annees 1960. Ecrit par un expert du systeme politique americain, il apporte un eclairage essentiel sur la presidence de George W. Bush et fait comprendre par quel cheminement des intellectuels au depart plutot hostiles a l'intervention de l'Etat en sont venus a proner cette formidable operation de volontarisme etatique que fut la guerre d'Irak. Avec son echec, sont-ils appeles a disparaitre ? Rien n'est moins sur. Raison de plus pour les connaitre mieux. Justin Vaisse est directeur de recherche a la Brookings Institution de Washington. Agrege et docteur en histoire, specialiste de la vie politique americaine, il a enseigne a l'IEP de Paris et enseigne actuellement a l'Universite Johns-Hopkins. Il a notamment publie L'Empire du milieu. Les Etats-Unis et le monde depuis la fin de la guerre froide (avec P. Melandri), Washington et le monde. Dilemmes d'une superpuissance (avec P. Hassner), et La Presidence imperiale. De Franklin Roosevelt a George W. Bush (avec D. Lacorne).

Conservatism --- History. --- US political ideology.

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Over the past thirty years, the world's patent systems have experienced pressure from civil society like never before. From farmers to patient advocates, new voices are arguing that patents impact public health, economic inequality, morality-and democracy. These challenges, to domains that we usually consider technical and legal, may seem surprising. But in Patent Politics, Shobita Parthasarathy argues that patent systems have always been deeply political and social. To demonstrate this, Parthasarathy takes readers through a particularly fierce and prolonged set of controversies over patents on life forms linked to important advances in biology and agriculture and potentially life-saving medicines. Comparing battles over patents on animals, human embryonic stem cells, human genes, and plants in the United States and Europe, she shows how political culture, ideology, and history shape patent system politics. Clashes over whose voices and which values matter in the patent system, as well as what counts as knowledge and whose expertise is important, look quite different in these two places. And through these debates, the United States and Europe are developing very different approaches to patent and innovation governance. Not just the first comprehensive look at the controversies swirling around biotechnology patents, Patent Politics is also the first in-depth analysis of the political underpinnings and implications of modern patent systems, and provides a timely analysis of how we can reform these systems around the world to maximize the public interest.

Biotechnology --- Patent laws and legislation --- Bioethics --- History. --- biotechnology. --- comparison. --- controversy. --- expertise. --- innovation. --- morality. --- patent. --- political culture. --- political ideology. --- science and technology policy.

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This study investigates how government ideology matters for the success of World Bank economic policy loans, which typically support market-liberalizing reforms. A simple model predicts that World Bank staff will invest more effort in designing an economic policy loan when faced with a left-wing government. Empirically, estimates from a Heckman selection model show that the quality at entry of an economic policy loan is significantly higher for governments with a left-wing party orientation. This result is robust to changes in the sample, alternative measures of ideology, different estimation techniques and the inclusion of additional control variables. Next, robust findings from estimating a recursive triangular system of equations indicate that leftist governments comply more fully with loan agreements. Results also suggest that World Bank resources are more productive-in terms of reform success-in the design of policy operations than in their supervision. Anecdotal evidence from several country cases is consistent with the finding that left-wing governments receive higher quality loans.

Banks & Banking Reform --- Debt Markets --- Development policy lending --- Economic Adjustment and Lending --- Economic Theory & Research --- Heckman selection model --- Political ideology --- Public Sector Corruption & Anticorruption Measures --- Public Sector Development --- Social Development --- Triangular system of equations --- World Bank

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Materiality has long been tied to the political projects of nationalism and capitalism. But how are we to rethink borders in this context? Is the border the limit where the capitalist nation-state, contested and re-created at its centre, becomes fixed? Or is it something else? Is the border something, or does it instead do things? This volume brings questions of materiality to bear specifically on the study of borders. These questions address specifically the shift from ontology to process in thinking about borders. The political materialities of borders does not presume the material aspect of borders but rather explores the ways in which any such materiality comes into being. Through ethnographic and philosophical explorations of the ontology of borders and its limitations from the perspective of materiality, this volume seeks to throw light on the interaction between the materiality of state borders and the non-material aspects of state-making. This enables a new understanding of borders as productive of the politics of materiality, on which both the state project rests, including its multifarious forms in the post-nation-state era.

Boundaries --- Political aspects. --- Europe. --- Jacques Derrida. --- Walter Benjamin. --- anthropology. --- border-as-process. --- borders. --- conflict. --- materiality. --- migration. --- nationalism. --- philosophy. --- political anthropology. --- political ideology. --- polity borders border-ness. --- southern Europe. --- state apparatus. --- state borders. --- trace.

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The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) was established in January 1913, as a militant expression of Ulster Unionist opposition to the Third Home Rule Bill. Academic historians have tended to overlook Ulster Loyalism. This book provides the first comprehensive study of the UVF in this period, considering in detail the composition of the officer corps, the marked regional recruiting differences, the ideologies involved, the arming and equipping of the UVF and the contingency plans made by UVF Headquarters in the event of Home Rule being imposed on Ulster. Using previously neglected sources, it demonstrates that the UVF was better armed and less well-trained, with the involvement of fewer British army officers than previous historians have allowed, and suggests that the UVF was quite capable of seizing control of Ulster and installing the Ulster Provisional Government in the event of Home Rule being implemented in 1914.This book will be essential reading for military and Irish historians and their students, and will interest any general reader interested in modern paramilitary forces.

Ulster Volunteer Force (1913-1920) --- Ireland --- Politics and government --- History --- Andrew Bonar Law. --- British public opinion. --- Irish revolutionary period. --- Liberal government. --- Nationalist Ireland. --- Orange Order. --- Sir Edward Carson. --- Third Home Rule crisis. --- UVF equipment. --- Ulster Special Constabulary. --- Ulster Unionist militancy. --- Ulster Volunteer Force. --- Unionist Clubs. --- Unionist propaganda. --- armed Unionism. --- military efficiency units. --- neo-feudalism. --- political ideology. --- standard military hierarchy.