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Dictatorship by Degrees: Xi Jinping in China traces the totalitarian elements that linger in China’s governing policies and practices, such as extra-legal Anti-Corruption Campaign, great concentration of power in one man, increasing intolerance, increasing propaganda, increasing indoctrination, increasing self-criticism inside the Party, expansion of Party cells across society, increasing censorship, cult of personality, and mass incarceration in Xinjiang. Steven P. Feldman develops a concept of pre-totalitarianism to explore these developments through extensive field data, including interviews with business executives, professors, lawyers, and non-profit executives, and observations of daily life. Feldman argues that Chinese political culture, based on the core principle of small group loyalties is inherently unstable, resulting in an ongoing tendency for leaders to concentrate power to survive and accomplish their goals. Under communist dictatorial political organization, totalitarian domination is always a temptation and risk.

CHINA--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT --- POLITICAL CULTURE--CHINA --- TOTALITARIANISM --- XI, JINPING --- Political culture --- Political culture. --- Politics and government. --- Totalitarianism. --- Totalitarisme. --- totalitarianism. --- Xi, Jinping. --- Zhongguo gong chan dang --- Zhongguo gong chan dang. --- History. --- Since 1900. --- China --- China. --- Chine --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Political systems --- Internal politics --- Xi, Jinping

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Een carrièrediplomaat en een officier uit de Foreign Service geven een historisch overzicht van de Amerikaanse ervaringen in de relaties met China zoals die sinds de ping-pongdiplomatie aan het begin van de jaren zeventig gestalte kregen. De studie, uitgevoerd voor de invloedrijke conservatieve RAND Corporation mocht eerst niet openbaar gemaakt worden omdat er uitvoerig gebruik gemaakt werd van officiële onderhandelingsverslagen, maar werd uiteindelijk toch vrijgegeven. Erg opzienbarend zijn de gegevens echter niet maar ze tonen wel goed aan hoe de VS-diplomaten en onderhandelaars de Chinese onderhandelingsvaardigen flink onderschat hadden. De passages waarin de frustratie daarover beschreven wordt, zijn wel leuk om lezen maar het geheel heeft eerder iets van een handleiding in verkoopstechnieken dan van een historisch werk.

820 Internationale betrekkingen --- 883.2 Oost-Azië --- #SBIB:012.AANKOOP --- #SBIB:327.6H00 --- #SBIB:328H52 --- Internationale en diplomatieke relaties: algemeen --- Instellingen en beleid: China --- Négociation --- Negotiation --- Political culture --- Political psychology --- Mass political behavior --- Political behavior --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Psychology, Political --- Psychology --- Social psychology --- Bargaining --- Dickering --- Haggling --- Higgling --- Negotiating --- Negotiations --- Discussion --- Psychology, Applied --- Psychological aspects --- China --- United States --- Foreign relations --- 1949 --- -China --- 1945-1989 --- 1989 --- -Negotiation --- Political culture - China. --- Political psychology - China. --- 814 Theorie van de Internationale Betrekkingen --- 815 Geschiedenis --- 820 Internationale Betrekkingen --- 823 Diplomatie --- 836 (Multi-)nationale ondernemingen --- 844 Sociale Structuur --- 852 Internationale conflicten --- 856.3 Conflictbemiddeling/Onderhandelingstechnieken --- 882.4 Noord-Amerika

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Established in 221 BCE, the Chinese empire lasted for 2,132 years before being replaced by the Republic of China in 1912. During its two millennia, the empire endured internal wars, foreign incursions, alien occupations, and devastating rebellions--yet fundamental institutional, sociopolitical, and cultural features of the empire remained intact. The Everlasting Empire traces the roots of the Chinese empire's exceptional longevity and unparalleled political durability, and shows how lessons from the imperial past are relevant for China today. Yuri Pines demonstrates that the empire survived and adjusted to a variety of domestic and external challenges through a peculiar combination of rigid ideological premises and their flexible implementation. The empire's major political actors and neighbors shared its fundamental ideological principles, such as unity under a single monarch--hence, even the empire's strongest domestic and foreign foes adopted the system of imperial rule. Yet details of this rule were constantly negotiated and adjusted. Pines shows how deep tensions between political actors including the emperor, the literati, local elites, and rebellious commoners actually enabled the empire's basic institutional framework to remain critically vital and adaptable to ever-changing sociopolitical circumstances. As contemporary China moves toward a new period of prosperity and power in the twenty-first century, Pines argues that the legacy of the empire may become an increasingly important force in shaping the nation's future trajectory.

Political culture --- Political science --- Imperialism --- Ideology --- History --- Philosophy --- China --- Politics and government --- History. --- Politics and government. --- S06/0200 --- China: Politics and government--Government and political institutions: general and before 1911 --- Colonialism --- Empires --- Expansion (United States politics) --- Neocolonialism --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Caesarism --- Chauvinism and jingoism --- Militarism --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Philosophy&delete& --- All-under-Heaven. --- Chinese emperor. --- Chinese emperorship. --- Chinese empire. --- Chinese history. --- Chinese imperial experience. --- Chinese intellectuals. --- Chinese political culture. --- Chinese political system. --- Republic of China. --- administrative power. --- balances. --- bureaucracy. --- checks. --- commoners. --- contemporary China. --- cultural foundations. --- depersonalization. --- educated elite. --- flawed morality. --- fragmentation. --- government apparatus. --- historical changes. --- imperial history. --- imperial ideology. --- imperial political culture. --- imperial political structure. --- imperial unification. --- institution. --- intellectual elitism. --- large-scale uprisings. --- local elites. --- modern China. --- modernity. --- monarch. --- monarchism. --- monarchy. --- omnipotent. --- political actors. --- political durability. --- political dynamics. --- political unity. --- popular uprisings. --- power. --- prosperity. --- rebellion. --- scholar-officials. --- shi. --- social power. --- stateХlite interactions. --- tianxia. --- unified empire. --- unity. --- voluntary attachment. --- Political culture - China - History --- Political science - China - Philosophy - History --- Imperialism - China - History --- Ideology - China - History --- China - Politics and government