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The 19th century was the heyday of furious contention between American political parties, and Joel Silbey attempts to capture the drama and substance of those battles in a representative sampling of party pamphlets.

Political parties --- Campaign literature --- Political campaign literature --- Politics, Practical --- History --- United States --- Politics and government

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Why a study of political language use? The most important tool in politics is language, as an instrument with which opinions are articulated and disseminated, with which political decisions and decisions representing the will of the people are made. However, the language of politics is also a language of influence. Thus, political parties try to promote their own programs with the help of their party programs (basic programs, election programs) and in this respect represent an important as well as interesting type of text in the field of political communication. Party programs serve, for example, to promote internal party understanding, external self-presentation and as a basis for public understanding. Andreas Ickes presents the text type party program in its various variations and forms of realization. He documents those aspects of the linguistic form that are characteristic of this text type and locates the use of de type party program in the structure of political communication. The detailed presentation is underpinned with cross-party sample material, annotated text passages, or even forms of contrastive analysis. Thus, the analysis and reflection of political language use helps not only to recognize the linguistic possibilities of conveying content, but also to improve one's own critical faculties. Warum eine Untersuchung der politischen Sprachverwendung? Das wichtigste Werkzeug in der Politik ist die Sprache, als Instrument, mit dem Meinungen artikuliert und verbreitet werden, mit dem politische und den Willen des Volkes repräsentierende Entscheidungen getroffen werden. Die Sprache der Politik ist jedoch auch eine Sprache der Beeinflussung. So versuchen politische Parteien, mit Hilfe ihrer Parteiprogramme (Grundsatzprogramme, Wahlprogramme) für die eigene Programmatik zu werben und stellen insofern einen wichtigen wie interessanten Texttyp im Bereich der politischen Kommunikation dar. Die Parteiprogramme dienen etwa der innerparteilichen Verständigung, der Selbstdarstellung nach außen und als Grundlage für die Verständigung in der Öffentlichkeit. Andreas Ickes stellt den Texttyp Parteiprogramm in seinen diversen Spielarten und Realisierungsformen vor. Er dokumentiert diejenigen Aspekte der sprachlichen Gestalt, die für diesen Texttyp charakteristisch sind und verortet den Gebrauch von de Typs Parteiprogramm im Gefüge der politischen Kommunikation. Die detaillierte Darstellung ist mit parteiübergreifendem Beispielmaterial, kommentierten Textstellen oder auch Formen der kontrastiven Analyse unterfüttert. So hilft die Analyse und Reflexion der politischen Sprachverwendung, die sprachlichen Möglichkeiten der Inhaltsvermittlung nicht nur zu erkennen, sondern auch die eigene Kritikfähigkeit zu verbessern.

Communication studies --- Political manifestos --- Political campaigning & advertising --- party program --- manifesto --- political communication --- political images --- speech communication --- political campaign speeches, political parties --- party program --- manifesto --- political communication --- political images --- speech communication --- political campaign speeches, political parties

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Why a study of political language use? The most important tool in politics is language, as an instrument with which opinions are articulated and disseminated, with which political decisions and decisions representing the will of the people are made. However, the language of politics is also a language of influence. Thus, political parties try to promote their own programs with the help of their party programs (basic programs, election programs) and in this respect represent an important as well as interesting type of text in the field of political communication. Party programs serve, for example, to promote internal party understanding, external self-presentation and as a basis for public understanding. Andreas Ickes presents the text type party program in its various variations and forms of realization. He documents those aspects of the linguistic form that are characteristic of this text type and locates the use of de type party program in the structure of political communication. The detailed presentation is underpinned with cross-party sample material, annotated text passages, or even forms of contrastive analysis. Thus, the analysis and reflection of political language use helps not only to recognize the linguistic possibilities of conveying content, but also to improve one's own critical faculties. Warum eine Untersuchung der politischen Sprachverwendung? Das wichtigste Werkzeug in der Politik ist die Sprache, als Instrument, mit dem Meinungen artikuliert und verbreitet werden, mit dem politische und den Willen des Volkes repräsentierende Entscheidungen getroffen werden. Die Sprache der Politik ist jedoch auch eine Sprache der Beeinflussung. So versuchen politische Parteien, mit Hilfe ihrer Parteiprogramme (Grundsatzprogramme, Wahlprogramme) für die eigene Programmatik zu werben und stellen insofern einen wichtigen wie interessanten Texttyp im Bereich der politischen Kommunikation dar. Die Parteiprogramme dienen etwa der innerparteilichen Verständigung, der Selbstdarstellung nach außen und als Grundlage für die Verständigung in der Öffentlichkeit. Andreas Ickes stellt den Texttyp Parteiprogramm in seinen diversen Spielarten und Realisierungsformen vor. Er dokumentiert diejenigen Aspekte der sprachlichen Gestalt, die für diesen Texttyp charakteristisch sind und verortet den Gebrauch von de Typs Parteiprogramm im Gefüge der politischen Kommunikation. Die detaillierte Darstellung ist mit parteiübergreifendem Beispielmaterial, kommentierten Textstellen oder auch Formen der kontrastiven Analyse unterfüttert. So hilft die Analyse und Reflexion der politischen Sprachverwendung, die sprachlichen Möglichkeiten der Inhaltsvermittlung nicht nur zu erkennen, sondern auch die eigene Kritikfähigkeit zu verbessern.

Communication studies --- Political manifestos --- Political campaigning & advertising --- party program --- manifesto --- political communication --- political images --- speech communication --- political campaign speeches, political parties

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Nobody doubts that politicians ought to fulfil their promises – what people cannot agree about is what this means in practice. The purpose of this book is to explore this issue through a series of case studies. It shows how the British model of politics has changed since the early twentieth century when electioneering was based on the articulation of principles which, it was expected, might well be adapted once the party or politician that promoted them took office. Thereafter manifestos became increasingly central to electoral politics and to the practice of governing, and this has been especially the case since 1945. Parties were now expected to outline in detail what they would do in office and explain how the policies would be paid for. Brexit has complicated this process, with the ‘will of the people’ as supposedly expressed in the 2016 referendum result clashing with the conventional role of the election manifesto as offering a mandate for action.

Elections --- Campaign promises --- Election promises --- Political campaign promises --- Promises --- History. --- Great Britain—History. --- History, Modern. --- World politics. --- Social history. --- History of Britain and Ireland. --- Modern History. --- Political History. --- Social History. --- Descriptive sociology --- Social conditions --- Social history --- History --- Sociology --- Colonialism --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- Political science --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- International relations --- Modern history --- World history, Modern --- Great Britain --- England

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"Campaign promises are a critical component to conceptions of democratic representation. Candidates make promises, voters (prospectively) use those promises to choose candidates, and then evaluate them (retrospectively) based on those promises. Most research dedicated to understanding campaign promises focuses on promise fulfillment. Other research considers how candidate positions on various policies influence voter decision-making but ignores candidate commitment to those issues. I argue that understanding how campaign promises function during campaigns is an important missing piece to our understanding of representation. In context of campaigns, I offer an important conceptual clarification to the theory of promises by defining promises operationally as policy statements that indicate an action the candidate intends to carry out if elected. Thus, policy statements can be issued without promising, indicating a candidate's stance on an issue. This critical distinction, I argue, leads to several important contributions to our understanding for how promises matter to voters both prospectively and retrospectively that I test observationally and experimentally throughout the book. I develop a theoretical framework to examine how the conceptual distinction in campaign promises might matter by rigorously defining promises and giving context to what we already understand about promises. I argue that promising increases a candidate's appeared commitment on an issue. Because campaign promises serve as a signal for what candidates will do if elected, by increasing commitment to an issue, candidates are sending a stronger signal about their intended actions in office. Because voters disapprove of candidates who act out of step with their policy platforms, there can be relative confidence that an increased commitment to a position does not come without consequence, thus cementing promises as a strong signal of commitment. It follows then that this stronger signal will be preferred by individuals who hold the same position on the issue, and will more strongly repulse individuals who disagree with the candidate. The result of this argument is that promises polarize voter opinions of candidates"--

Campaign promises --- Communication in politics --- Rhetoric --- Presidential candidates --- Presidents --- Political aspects --- Public opinion. --- Election --- History --- Presidency --- Heads of state --- Executive power --- Candidates for president --- Nominees for president --- Presidential nominees --- Political candidates --- Language and languages --- Speaking --- Authorship --- Expression --- Literary style --- Election promises --- Political campaign promises --- Promises --- Campaign promises - United States --- Communication in politics - United States --- Rhetoric - Political aspects - United States --- Presidential candidates - United States - Public opinion --- Presidents - United States - Election - History - 20th century --- Presidents - United States - Election - History - 21st century