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"Little else is required to carry a state to the highest degree of opulence from the lowest barbarism, but peace, easy taxes, and a tolerable administration of justice; all the rest being brought about by the natural course of things." So wrote Adam Smith a quarter of a millennium ago. Using the tools of modern political economics and combining economic theory with a bird's-eye view of the data, this book reinterprets Smith's pillars of prosperity to explain the existence of development clusters--places that tend to combine effective state institutions, the absence of political violence, and high per-capita incomes. To achieve peace, the authors stress the avoidance of repressive government and civil conflict. Easy taxes, they argue, refers not to low taxes, but a tax system with widespread compliance that collects taxes at a reasonable cost from a broad base, like income. And a tolerable administration of justice is about legal infrastructure that can support the enforcement of contracts and property rights in line with the rule of law. The authors show that countries tend to enjoy all three pillars of prosperity when they have evolved cohesive political institutions that promote common interests, guaranteeing the provision of public goods. In line with much historical research, international conflict has also been an important force behind effective states by fostering common interests. The absence of common interests and/or cohesive political institutions can explain the existence of very different development clusters in fragile states that are plagued by poverty, violence, and weak state capacity.

Economic policy --- Economic development --- Business incubators --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Business hatcheries --- Experimental innovation centers (Business) --- Hatcheries, Business --- Incubator industrial parks --- Incubator space (Business) --- Incubators (Entrepreneurship) --- New business incubators --- Industrial districts --- Entrepreneurship --- New business enterprises --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Adam Smith. --- Pillars of Prosperity Index. --- business environment. --- civil conflict. --- civil war. --- developing countries. --- development assistance. --- economic analysis. --- economic development. --- economic institutions. --- economic policy. --- economic theory. --- economics. --- fiscal capacity. --- fragile states. --- governance. --- government. --- income. --- international conflict. --- investment. --- investments. --- justice. --- micropolitics. --- military assistance. --- political economics. --- political reform. --- political stability. --- political turnover. --- political violence. --- poverty. --- prosperity. --- public-finance models. --- repression. --- repressive government. --- state building. --- state capacity. --- tax system. --- technical assistance. --- total factor productivity. --- trust. --- Business incubators. --- Economic development. --- Economic policy. --- Economics.