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The emergence of public opinion in Thailand through media was a sign of the development of modernity in the Kingdom. Growing influence of the public opinion raised a double question to local authorities: Media tended to spread western concepts, such as “democracy” or “freedom”; which could be integrated to the local traditions; they could also set the bases of a modern state. By law or ownership concentration authorities have regularly attempted to grip on independent media. Nowadays debates on press freedom in Thailand are a new development of this long lasting antagonism. On the initiative of the French and German Embassies in Thailand, Irasec with the National Press Council of Thailand organized on May 23rd, 2007 a seminar on the relationship between State and Media in Thailand at the Thai Journalist Association. This seminar occurred at a very specific time in Thai modern politics. Since the beginning of the political crisis late 2005 and especially after the Coup d'Etat on September 2006, Thailand has committed to a long process of reforms and political reconstruction which is supposed to be followed by the approval of a new constitution by referendum. This should be the 18th Constitution since the founding of the modern State in 1932. However interrogations and worries remain over the whole process. During this political transition the role of media is particularly sensitive. The current situation in Thailand emphasizes concerns for press freedom. State censorship, self-censorship, media ownerships and ethics are of highest interest and worriment, and widely discussed in the frame of the Constitution drafting. Despite a high degree of freedom, notably in print media - a more worrisome situation is looming regarding radios, TV and especially internet, uncertainty and retrograde reforms could further damage the reliability of Thai media.
Asian Studies --- Internet --- liberté --- État --- journalisme --- presse --- médias --- censure --- Société civile --- Thaïlande --- transition politique --- cyberespace --- media --- freedom --- State --- Civil Society --- Communication --- Press --- censorship --- Thailand --- political transition --- journalism
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La longue crise qui sévit en Thaïlande a touché tous les secteurs d'activités en révélant au monde des dysfonctionnements de la société thaïlandaise qui « posent question » aux acteurs économiques, aux chercheurs et aux journalistes. Ce carnet se justifie pour plusieurs raisons. La première est que de nombreux analystes internationaux nous ont demandé un avis sur la situation. Nous présentons ici une réponse la plus cohérente possible en fonction de nos données. La deuxième est que l'Irasec, de par sa position géographique (situé à Bangkok) est au cœur de l'événement et a pu suivre au quotidien la situation. La troisième est que l'Institut prépare une réédition de sa Monographie nationale sur la Thaïlande contemporaine dans une version remaniée et actualisée qui lui permet d'avoir une réflexion plus profonde sur les origines de la crise. Il s'agit donc de mettre ce matériel à disposition. Pour ce faire, nous avons sélectionné trois contributions de la nouvelle version de Thaïlande contemporaine, absentes de la première édition, qui abordent le problème de front en les condensant pour les besoins du carnet. Nous y avons ajouté les interviews menées dans le cadre de cette réédition, que nous présentons avant leur réécriture (les versions complètes paraîtront dans la monographie). Le chapitre de Jacques Ivanoff (Cnrs - Irasec) « Construction ethnique et ethnorégionalisme en Thaïlande », celui de Narumon Hinshiranan Arunotai (université de Chulalongkorn - Cusri) et Olivier Ferrari (chercheur associé Irasec - Cusri) « La Thainess ou la pratique de l'idéologie culturelle en Thaïlande », et celui de Arnaud Leveau (Irasec) « Une crise multicolore, état des forces en présence » seront publiés dans leur intégralité dans la Monographie nationale Thaïlande contemporaine sous la direction de Stéphane Dovert et Jacques Ivanoff (dernier trimestre 2010, www.indessavantes.com ).
Asian Studies --- politics --- insurrection --- regionalism --- crisis --- populism --- political transition --- Thailland --- thainessred shirts --- élites --- politique --- populisme --- crise --- Thaïlande --- transition politique --- Thaksin Shinawatra --- régionalisme --- masses --- chemises rouges --- Bangkok
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Sociology of the developing countries --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Political systems --- Government --- Politics --- Political transition --- Gender --- Politicians --- Political participation --- Reports [materialtype] --- Afghanistan
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This book argues that the Burmese military regime has always favoured an isolationist-type policy that finds its grassroots in Ne Win’s autarchic and xenophobic era as well as in Burma’s royal traditions, but without being completely cut off from the outside world. This policy approach is well suited to the Burmese authoritarian state which boasts an important strategic position in the region. In the past decade, the politics of “isolationism without isolation” has been skilfully developed by Burma’s military elite in order to preserve itself from both internal and external threats. Since the Depayin crackdown in May 2003, every step the Burmese junta has taken indicates that it has been consciously defining both its foreign policy and its internal political agenda according to these isolationist tendencies, as the recent fallbacks that followed the “Saffron Revolution” (September 2007) and the Cyclone Nargis (May 2008) illustrate. Not only does the military regime tend to strategically withdraw itself from the regional scene, by choosing only a few but crucial diplomatic and commercial partners like China, India, Singapore, Russia or Thailand, but it also gradually isolates itself from the rest of the Burmese society, by opting for a strategic and nationalist entrenchment which was perfectly highlighted by the purge of the pragmatic Military Intelligence Services (2004), the transfer of the capital to Naypyidaw (2005) and the strict control over the transitional process initiated by its own “Road Map towards a disciplined democracy” and undisrupted by the recent crises.
Burma --- Politics and government --- Foreign relations --- Asian Studies --- démocratie --- liberté --- armée --- société civile --- régime --- political transition --- transition politique --- Myanmar --- Birmanie --- junte --- tatmadaw --- autarcie --- democracy --- freedom --- Civil Society --- army --- junta --- autarchy
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Fighting in Kachin state flared back up just months after President Thien Sein came to power in March 2011. The new government almost immediately began negotiating a series of peace agreements with ethnic armed groups declaring that the signature of a nationwide ceasefire with all ethnic armed groups would be a priority for this first civilian administration. By convincing the majority of groups involved in armed struggle against the Tatmadaw to sign ceasefire agreements, the predominantly civilian government succeeded in winning some credibility, both nationally and internationally. At the same time, several old fault lines have re-emerged, among them the conflict in Kachin and Northern Shan States. The roots of the conflict in Kachin State between the KIO and government troops go back to grievances over control of the territory (and its lucrative natural resources) and the preservation of ethnic identity after the end of British colonial rule in 1948. The rekindling of this old conflict, after seventeen years of ceasefire, serves as a powerful reminder of the fragility of certain aspects of the transition process. The setback to conflict and blockage of peace process with the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO) and its Army (KIA) show that some structural political issues remain, such as the recognition of local power structures and decentralization. While much has been written in the media about the legal, economic, and political reforms in Myanmar; academic research about the Kachin Conflict, as well as firsthand information remains scarce. Analyzing the causes of the conflict and current impediments to peace in Kachin territories provides an illustration of the limits of the transition process. This research examines the personal experiences of a strong sample of influential Kachin people, shows the complexity of notions of war and peace in the collective Kachin memory, as well as the reinterpretation of these by local leadership for political ends.
Democracy --- Kachin State (Burma) --- Burma --- Politics and government --- Ka khyaṅʻ Praññʻ nayʻ (Burma) --- Myanmar --- politics --- development --- Kachin state --- minorities --- ethnic conflict --- marginalization --- army --- political transition --- centralization --- military --- state --- tatmadaw
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En 2011, alors que la Birmanie (Myanmar) est soumise au joug militaire depuis plus de cinq décennies, la junte se démet de ses fonctions au profit d’un gouvernement « semi-civil ». Son président, l’ex-général Thein Sein, engage une série de réformes démocratiques et les élections générales de 2015 consacrent l’alternance politique en portant au pouvoir Aung San Suu Kyi, figure emblématique de l’opposition. Mais quelles sont les vraies dimensions, significations et limites de cette évolution en apparence spectaculaire ? Adoptant un angle d’approche différent des études, majoritairement anglophones, consacrées à la transition politique et trop souvent centrées sur le seul processus de démocratisation, cet ouvrage propose une interprétation plus générale des transformations de la société birmane entre 2010 et 2017 par des anthropologues, géographes et historiens français. Spécialistes de longue date et jeunes chercheurs ont enrichi la réflexion propre à leur domaine disciplinaire d’analyses de terrain, d’approches transversales et de mises en perspective afin d’expliquer la transition et d’éclairer les analogies et les discontinuités entre temps passé et présent, entre la Birmanie d’hier et celle de demain. Proposant des clefs de lecture originales pour comprendre le processus de réforme birman, dans les villes comme dans les campagnes, au centre comme aux périphéries, du point de vue birman comme international, ils mettent aussi au jour l’imbrication de la montée du nationalisme bouddhique, des conflits intercommunautaires et de la crise humanitaire des Rohingya. After several decades under military dictatorship, Burma (Myanmar) entered a period of political transition in 2010. Following a new constitution in 2008, the military regime held elections and handed power over to a “semi-civilian” government. Former general Thein Sein was elected president in 2011 and implemented major democratic reforms. The elections of 2015 continued to confirm the political changes…
Asian Studies --- Birmanie (Myanmar) --- transition politique --- gouvernance foncière --- éducation --- minorités ethniques --- réforme --- conflits --- Rohingya --- nationalisme bouddhique --- Burma (Myanmar) --- conflicts --- reform --- political transition --- land governance --- education --- ethnic minorities --- Buddhist nationalism
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Sociology of the developing countries --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Higher education --- Personnel management --- Business management --- Political transition --- Gender --- Entrepreneurs --- Students --- Theory --- Companies --- Employees --- Book --- Germany --- France --- Spain --- Russia --- Eastern and Central Europe --- Finland --- Turkey --- Mexico
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Journalism --- Sociology of the developing countries --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Government --- Politics --- Mass communications --- Feminism --- Political transition --- Gender --- Media --- Politicians --- Government leaders --- Stereotypes --- Book --- Imaging --- Rousseff, Dilma --- Bachelet, Michelle --- Kirchner, Cristina --- Tymoshenko, Yulia --- Perón, Eva --- Developing countries
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Journalism --- Sociology of the developing countries --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Sociology --- Economics --- Consumer behavior --- Mass communications --- History --- Political transition --- Gender --- Television --- Women's magazines --- Book --- Consumption --- Culture --- Economy --- anno 1900-1999 --- anno 2000-2099 --- Spain --- Portugal --- Greece
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Social change --- Sociology of the developing countries --- Sociology of minorities --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Sociology of work --- Community organization --- Political systems --- Politics --- Authoritarianism --- Political transition --- Family --- Labour market --- Revolutions --- Women's movements --- Book --- Democracy --- Empowerment --- Russia
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