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The availability and accessibility of comprehensive, high-quality data are indispensable prerequisites for effective health services research. It can be assumed in the coming years that health services research will increasingly be based on data linkage, i.e. the linking of several data sources based on suitable common key variables. In Germany, comprehensive high-quality data are routinely collected, but their suitability and availability for research purposes is limited. Therefore, the motivation for this report lies in the answering of two basic questions: which questions of health services research can be better answered abroad on the basis of better data, and in which ways such conditions could be achieved in Germany. Case studies of interesting linkage approaches from twelve countries were identified and analyzed based on a predefined conceptual framework. Information on all comparison countries or case studies was first identified from publicly available sources. Profiles were then created for each country and case study and forwarded to appropriate country experts for validation and completion. The report presents an overview of the included case studies (chapter 3), as well as key information per country and case study in the appendix. This is followed by a closer look at the possibilities of using routine data (chapter 4), linkage approaches with and without unique personal identifiers (chapter 5), the different access routes for researchers (chapter 6), options for using data from electronic patient or health records for research (chapter 7), and an interim conclusion (chapter 8). The report ends with a wish list for possible regulatory changes in light of the current policy debate in Germany (Chapter 9). It is important to underline here that case studies from the international comparison were selected to highlight important aspects that could be relevant to the challenges in Germany. In addition to the added value of comparatively easily accessible, extensive claims data, which are available more quickly than in Germany, allow cross-sector analyses and can be linked to health data and regional data on a person-by-person basis, the potential of databases created on the basis of the routine documentation of service providers (usually electronic health records) is also discussed. Investing in this direction can not only provide insights for a country’s own healthcare system, but also promote international cooperation and contribute to the international visibility of scientific excellence. A juxtaposition of the data sets available in Germany and those used in other countries suggests that the discussion in Germany should focus first and foremost on optimizing the availability and accessibility of existing data and consider new approaches to the collection of additional information as a supplement.

Medicine --- data linkage; health services research; cross-country learning; data policy; health systems

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"Examines the US securitization of the 2013-2016 Ebola outbreak, exploring how Ebola was understood as a security threat and how this impacted on the US response to the health crisis"--

Ebola virus disease --- Public health --- MEDICAL / Public Health --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Policy / Health Care --- MEDICAL / Health Policy

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One of Canada's preeminent social thinkers, John Ralston Saul, begins the book with a harsh reminder that public policy can be successful only when driven by the humanistic principles which fueled its formulation. Once saving money becomes a goal in itself, rather than "something we do on the side," public policy has little chance of survival. In subsequent chapters introducing the five key areas, Dr. Richard Cruess (McGill) and Dr. Sylvia Cruess (McGill) write on the physician's role in society; the Honourable Bob Rae tackles the political challenges of health care in the consumer era; Professor Raisa Deber (Toronto) looks at the rightful place of economics in health policy; Sister Nuala Kenny (Dalhousie) examines the ethical dilemmas we face; and Professor Bernard Dickens (Toronto) describes how current health care issues are perceived by the law. Other contributors represent a "who's who" of Canada's most highly recognized academics, professionals, and policy-makers. Also writing on clinical practice are Pat Kelly (PISCES), Dr. Terrence Montague (Merck Frosst), and Dr. Hugh Scully (Cardiac Care Network). The Honourable Monique Bégin, Mark Wainberg (International AIDS Society), and Rev. Lois Wilson (Senator, Canadian Parliament) write on politics. Nathalie St. Pierre (Fédération Nationale des Associations des Consommateurs du Québec), Devidas Menon (Institute of Pharmaco-Economics), and Dr. John Wade (Former Deputy Minister of Health, Manitoba) discuss economics. Tim Caufield (Alberta), Maurice McGregor (McGill), and Lesley Degner (St. Boniface Research Centre) consider ethical issues. Marcia Rioux (Roeher Institute), Jamie Cameron (York), and Henry Dinsdale (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons) deal with the law. Do We Care? is a must-read for anyone involved in decision-making about the future of Canadian health care -- and for all of us who are affected by these decisions. Do We Care? is the result of a conference entitled "Directions for Canadian Health Care: A Framework for Sound Decisions" which was held in Toronto in October of 1998.

Electronic books. --- Medical policy -- Canada. --- Medical policy --- Health Policy --- Healthcare Policy --- National Health Policy --- Health Policies --- Health Policy, National --- Healthcare Policies --- National Health Policies --- Policy, Health --- Policy, Healthcare --- Policy, National Health --- Policy Making --- Canada. --- Health Care Policies --- Care Policies, Health --- Health Care Policy --- Policies, Health --- Policies, Health Care --- Policies, Healthcare --- Policy, Health Care --- Health care reform

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Health care costs in the United States are much higher than in other countries. These cost differences can be explained in part by a lack of competition in the United States. Some markets, such as pharmaceuticals and medical equipment, have elements of monopoly. Other markets, such as health insurance, have elements of monopsony. Many other markets may be subject to collusion on prices, such as generic drugs, or wages, such as the nurse labor market. Lawful monopoly and monopsony are beyond the reach of antitrust laws, but collusion is not. When appropriate, vigorous antitrust enforcement challenging anticompetitive conduct can aid in reducing health care costs. This book addresses monopoly, monopsony, cartels of sellers and buyers, horizontal and vertical merger policy, and antitrust enforcement through private suits as well as the efforts of the antitrust Agencies. The authors demonstrate how enforcing antitrust laws can ultimately promote competition and reduce health care costs.

Health Care Sector --- Health Policy --- Antitrust Laws --- Marketing of Health Services --- economics --- organization & administration --- methods --- United States --- Health Care Policies --- Health Policies --- Healthcare Policy --- National Health Policy --- Care Policies, Health --- Health Care Policy --- Health Policy, National --- Healthcare Policies --- National Health Policies --- Policies, Health --- Policies, Health Care --- Policies, Healthcare --- Policy, Health --- Policy, Health Care --- Policy, Healthcare --- Policy Making --- Medical economics --- Antitrust law

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Social policy --- United States --- Economics, Medical. --- Health Policy. --- National Health Policy --- Health Policies --- Health Policies, National --- Health Policy, National --- National Health Policies --- Policies, Health --- Policies, National Health --- Policy, Health --- Policy, National Health --- Policy Making --- Medical Economics --- Medicine --- economics --- United States. --- Medical economics --- Medical policy --- Economics, Medical --- Health Policy --- Healthcare Policy --- Healthcare Policies --- Policy, Healthcare --- Health Care Policies --- Care Policies, Health --- Health Care Policy --- Policies, Health Care --- Policies, Healthcare --- Policy, Health Care --- United States of America