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Artificial intelligence (AI) is a subject garnering increasing attention in both academia and the industry today. The understanding is that AI-enhanced methods and techniques create a variety of opportunities related to improving basic and advanced business functions, including production processes, logistics, financial management and others. As this collection demonstrates, AI-enhanced tools and methods tend to offer more precise results in the fields of engineering, financial accounting, tourism, air-pollution management and many more. The objective of this collection is to bring these topics together to offer the reader a useful primer on how AI-enhanced tools and applications can be of use in today’s world. In the context of the frequently fearful, skeptical and emotion-laden debates on AI and its value added, this volume promotes a positive perspective on AI and its impact on society. AI is a part of a broader ecosystem of sophisticated tools, techniques and technologies, and therefore, it is not immune to developments in that ecosystem. It is thus imperative that inter- and multidisciplinary research on AI and its ecosystem is encouraged. This collection contributes to that.

Information technology industries --- data mining --- decision-making system --- rough set --- mixed integer linear programming --- assembly clearance --- diesel engine quality --- Internet of things --- Wireless nodes --- Hybrid clustering --- Multi-hop routing --- Network lifetime --- Artificial intelligence --- data envelopment analysis --- decision making --- artificial intelligence --- performance --- visual analytics --- system --- air quality --- spatiotemporal --- multivariate --- dimension reduction --- clustering --- regular patterns --- anomalies --- speech recognition --- Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) --- speech output correction --- most-matching --- empirical correlations --- rheological properties --- real-time --- water-based drill-in fluid --- artificial neural network --- elastic parameters --- Poisson’s ratio --- sandstone --- self-adaptive differential evolution --- total organic carbon --- barnett shale --- devonian shale --- fishbone multilateral wells --- predictive models --- well productivity --- international research --- knowledge map visualization --- policy documents quantification --- research hotspot --- policy keyword --- minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) --- CO2 flooding --- new models --- face recognition --- security --- spoofing --- histogram of oriented gradients --- smart cities --- deep learning --- LSTM --- neural networks --- location prediction --- trajectories --- smart tourism --- static Young’s modulus --- sandstone formations --- machine learning --- n/a --- Poisson's ratio --- static Young's modulus

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Advances in materials are crucial to the development of sports equipment, from tennis rackets to skis to running shoes. Materials-driven improvements in equipment have helped athletes perform better, while enhancing safety and making sport more accessible and enjoyable. This book brings together a collection of 10 papers on the topic of sports materials, as published in a Special Issue of Applied Sciences. The papers within this book cover a range of sports, including golf, tennis, table tennis and baseball. State-of-the-art engineering techniques, such as finite element modelling, impact testing and full-field strain measurement, are applied to help further our understanding of sports equipment mechanics and the role of materials, with a view to improving performance, enhancing safety and facilitating informed regulatory decision making. The book also includes papers that describe emerging and novel materials, including auxetic materials with their negative Poisson’s ratio (fattening when stretched) and knits made of bamboo charcoal. This collection of papers should serve as a useful resource for sports engineers working in both academia and industry, as well as engineering students who are interested in sports equipment and materials.

n/a --- foam --- finite element --- sportswear textiles --- cannon --- textiles --- impact attenuation --- shockpad --- foam protective mats --- robot --- additive manufacturing --- indentation --- bat --- rubber --- slope of grain --- wood --- injury --- strain --- impact --- durability --- protective equipment --- mechanical properties --- artificial turf --- strain propagation --- auxetic foam --- sports safety --- torsion --- quick-dry yarn --- concussion --- baseball --- finite element modelling --- polymer --- strain rate --- Charpy --- protection --- rate dependence --- functional composite yarns --- impact testing --- golf --- helmet --- architecture --- auxetic --- clubhead --- digital image correlation --- finite element analysis --- tennis --- comfort --- negative Poisson’s ratio --- friction --- bamboo charcoal yarn --- EFG method --- sport --- finite elements --- shaft

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Solid Biomechanics is the first book to comprehensively review the mechanical design of organisms. With a physical approach and a minimum of mathematics, the textbook introduces readers to the world of structural mechanics and sheds light on the dazzling array of mechanical adaptations that link creatures as dissimilar as bacteria, plants, and animals. Exploring a wide range of subjects in depth, from spider silks and sharkskin to climbing plants and human food processing, this immensely accessible text demonstrates that the bodies of animals and plants are masterpieces of engineering, enabling them to survive in a hostile world. The textbook describes how organisms construct materials from limited components, arrange materials into efficient structures that withstand different types of stresses, and interact mechanically with their environment. Looking at practical and historical aspects of the subject, the book delves into how the mechanics of organisms might be applied to other engineering scenarios and considers the ways structural biomechanics could and should develop in the future if more is to be learned about the form and function of organisms. Solid Biomechanics will be useful to all those interested in how organisms work, from biologists and engineers to physicists and students of biomechanics, bionics, and materials science. The first comprehensive review of the structural mechanics of organisms Introduces the subject using a physical approach involving minimal mathematics Three complementary sections: materials, structures, and mechanical interactions of organisms Links the dazzling array of mechanical adaptations seen in widely differing organisms Practical and historical approach shows how mechanical adaptations have been discovered and how readers can perform their own investigations

Biomechanics. --- Adhesion. --- Alastair Fitter. --- Amino acid. --- Arthropod. --- Bacteria. --- Bending. --- Biomimetics. --- Buckling. --- Buoyancy. --- Buttress. --- Calculation. --- Cantilever. --- Cartilage. --- Cell wall. --- Chitin. --- Collagen. --- Composite material. --- Compressive strength. --- Cross-link. --- Cuticle. --- Cylinder stress. --- Deformation (engineering). --- Deformation (mechanics). --- Elastic energy. --- Elastin. --- Energy storage. --- Engineering. --- Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. --- Exoskeleton. --- Factor of safety. --- Fibril. --- Flexural rigidity. --- Fracture mechanics. --- Fracture. --- Fungus. --- Gas vesicle. --- Glycine. --- Herbivore. --- Hinge. --- Hooke's law. --- Hydrogen bond. --- Hydrostatic skeleton. --- Hypha. --- Hysteresis. --- Insect wing. --- Insect. --- Keratin. --- Ligament. --- Long bone. --- Mammal. --- Material properties (thermodynamics). --- Materials science. --- Microfibril. --- Molecule. --- Nacre. --- Natural rubber. --- Nematode. --- Neutral axis. --- Notochord. --- Nylon. --- Organism. --- Physicist. --- Plant cell. --- Plant stem. --- Poisson's ratio. --- Polymer. --- Polysaccharide. --- Pressure vessel. --- Protein. --- Reinforcement. --- Resilin. --- Second moment of area. --- Shear force. --- Shear modulus. --- Shear stress. --- Shock absorber. --- Soil. --- Stiffness. --- Stoma. --- Strain gauge. --- Stress concentration. --- Stress relaxation. --- Stress–strain curve. --- Structural integrity and failure. --- Surface area. --- Surface tension. --- Technology. --- Tendril. --- Tensile testing. --- Tire. --- Toughness. --- Truss. --- Ultimate tensile strength. --- Universal testing machine. --- Vertebrate. --- Volume fraction. --- X-ray. --- Yield (engineering). --- Young's modulus.