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As the nuclear arms race exploded in the 1980s, a group of U.S. religious pacifists used radical nonviolence to intervene. Armed with hammers, they broke into military facilities to pound on missiles and pour blood on bombers, enacting the prophet Isaiah's vision: 'Nations shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks.' Calling themselves the Plowshares movement, these controversial activists received long prison sentences; nonetheless, their movement grew and expanded to Europe and Australia. In this book, Sharon Erickson Nepstad documents the emergence and international diffusion of this unique form of high-risk collective action. Drawing on interviews, original survey research, and archival data, Nepstad explains why some Plowshares groups have persisted over time while others have struggled or collapsed. Comparing the U.S. movement with less successful Plowshares groups overseas, Nepstad reveals how decisions about leadership, organization, retention, and cultural adaptations influence movements' long-term trajectories.

Nonviolence. --- Antinuclear movement. --- Nuclear disarmament. --- Atomic bomb and disarmament --- Atomic weapons and disarmament --- Disarmament, Nuclear --- Nuclear weapons disarmament --- Disarmament --- Antinuclear movement --- Nuclear weapons --- Anti-nuclear movement --- Antinuclear protest movement --- Nuclear freeze movement --- Protest movement, Antinuclear --- Social movements --- Nuclear disarmament --- Nuclear power plants --- Non-violence --- Government, Resistance to --- Pacifism --- Plowshares Eight (Group) --- Plowshares 8 (Group) --- Social Sciences --- Political Science