Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Paleontologie. --- Plesiosauria.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Les plésiosaures (ordre Plesiosauria) forment un clade d’amniotes adaptés au milieu pélagique grâce à leur plan corporel unique dans l’histoire des vertébrés marins. Ils représentent, avec les ichthyosaures et les tortues marines, une des trois principales radiations de tétrapodes non-mammaliens adaptés secondairement au milieu marin ouvert. Bien que différentes études phylogénétiques suggèrent que leur radiation s’est effectuée durant le renouvellement faunique triassique, les preuves matérielles de leur existence s’étendent principalement de la base du Jurassique à la fin du Crétacé. Les conditions de leur radiation sont mal connues à cause du manque de matériel triassique et de la mauvaise résolution phylogénétique des taxons du Jurassique inférieur.
Le premier volet de ce travail consiste en la description morphologique d’une série d’ossements de sauroptérygiens (le groupe contenant les plésiosaures) s’échelonnant du Trias terminal au Jurassique inférieur. Le spécimen le plus important de cette étude est l’holotype [Ulg.PA.2017-07-31-1] de « Plesiosaurus » dewalquii Van Beneden 1871, un énigmatique plésiosaure originaire du Jurassique inférieur de la Lorraine belge. Après avoir démontré que ce spécimen sub-adulte ne faisait pas partie du genre Plesiosaurus, il a été reclassifié parmi Rhomaleosauridae. Il s’agit d’une espèce valide car elle est diagnostiquée par une combinaison unique de cinq caractères. Un nouveau nom de genre doit être proposé. Parallèlement, deux espèces (« Plesiosaurus » costatus et « Plesiosaurus » bibractensis) issues du Rhétien de la région d’Autun sont invalidées par manque d’éléments diagnostiques ; ce matériel est reclassé parmi Pistosauria indet. ou Plesiosauria indet. Un propodial auparavant classé parmi le nomen dubium Rachitrema pellati est également considéré ici comme Plesiosauria indet.
Le deuxième volet de ce travail se concentre sur la phylogénie et les méthodes de calibration temporelle, afin préciser le tempo de la radiation des plésiosaures. A cette fin, « Plesiosaurus » dewalquii a été incorporé avec deux nouveaux taxons (Thaumatodracon wiedenrothi et Rhaeticosaurus mertensi) dans une matrice phylogénétique de grande ampleur. L’analyse de cette matrice a été réalisée en parcimonie maximum et confirme que « Plesiosaurus » dewalquii est un rhomaleosauridé basal. Trois techniques calibrations temporelle a posteriori (Basic, Equal et Cal³) ont été testées et comparées à l’aide du logiciel R. La méthode Basic n’est pas utile dans le cas de l’étude des vertébrés car la faible quantité de fossiles induit un écrasement généralisé des noeuds. La méthode Equal, fréquemment utilisée, est dépendante de la position stratigraphique des membres de l’outgroup et n’est que peu informative pour l’étude des plésiosaures. La méthode stochastique Cal³ est prometteuse, mais induit également un écrasement temporel des noeuds. Quoi qu’il en soit, enregistrement fossile et analyses phylogénétiques s’accordent sur le fait que la radiation des plésiosaures a commencé avant l’extinction de masse du Trias terminal.

Rhomaleosauridae --- Phylogénie --- Jurassique inférieur --- Plésiosaure --- Plesiosauria --- Rhomaléosauridé --- Belgique --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Sciences de la terre & géographie physique

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The most up-to-date and authoritative illustrated guide to the marvelous flying reptiles that dominated the skies of the Mesozoic for 160 million yearsOnce seen by some as evolutionary dead-enders, pterosaurs were vigorous winged reptiles capable of thriving in an array of habitats and climates, including polar winters. The Princeton Field Guide to Pterosaurs transforms our understanding of these great Mesozoic archosaurs of the air. This incredible guide covers 115 pterosaur species and features stunning illustrations of pterosaurs ranging in size from swallows to small sailplanes, some with enormous, bizarre head crests and elongated beaks. It discusses the history of pterosaurs through 160 million years of the Mesozoic—including their anatomy, physiology, locomotion, reproduction, growth, and extinction—and even gives a taste of what it might be like to travel back to the Mesozoic. This one-of-a-kind guide also challenges the common image of big pterosaurs as ultralights that only soared, showing how these spectacular creatures could be powerful flappers as heavy as bears.Features detailed species accounts of 115 different kinds of pterosaurs, with the latest size and mass estimatesWritten and illustrated by the acclaimed researcher and artist who helped to redefine the anatomy and flight performance of pterosaursCovers everything from pterosaur biology to the colorful history of pterosaur paleontologyIncludes dozens of original skeletal drawings and full-color life studies

Pterosauria --- Aerial refueling. --- Allosauroidea. --- Amphibian. --- Angiogenesis. --- Anhanguera (pterosaur). --- Anurognathus. --- Archaeopteryx. --- Archosaur. --- Biology. --- Bird anatomy. --- Campylognathoides. --- Carpal bones. --- Center of mass (relativistic). --- Cetacea. --- Cochlea. --- Comparative anatomy. --- Coniacian. --- Cretaceous. --- Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. --- Crocodilia. --- Cross section (physics). --- Darwinopterus. --- Delta wing. --- Dinosauromorpha. --- Drag (physics). --- Dromaeosauridae. --- Dsungaripterus. --- Early Cretaceous. --- Early Jurassic. --- Embryo. --- Esophagus. --- Factory. --- Feathered dinosaur. --- Fighter aircraft. --- Fossil trackway. --- Galliformes. --- Georges Cuvier. --- Geosternbergia. --- Giant tortoise. --- Gnathosaurus. --- Gregory S. Paul. --- Icaronycteris. --- Ichthyosaur. --- Index fossil. --- Invertebrate. --- Joint capsule. --- Jurassic. --- Late Jurassic. --- Late Triassic. --- Lockheed P-38 Lightning. --- Logging. --- Mammal. --- Marine reptile. --- Megapode. --- Mesozoic. --- Metacarpal bones. --- Middle Jurassic. --- Middle Triassic. --- Monitor lizard. --- Mosasaur. --- Nyctosaurus. --- Omnivore. --- Order (biology). --- Ornithischia. --- Oxfordian (stage). --- Paleobiology. --- Permian–Triassic extinction event. --- Pierre Shale. --- Platecarpus. --- Plesiosauria. --- Princeton University Press. --- Protoceratopsid. --- Pteranodon. --- Pterodactylus. --- Pterosaur. --- Reptile. --- Republic P-47 Thunderbolt. --- Robustness (evolution). --- Sauropoda. --- Scaphognathus. --- Scavenging (automotive). --- Sclerotic ring. --- Space Shuttle external tank. --- Species description. --- Species diversity. --- Stall (fluid mechanics). --- Stork. --- Tapejara (pterosaur). --- Taxon. --- Teratornis. --- Tetrapod. --- Theropoda. --- Transitional fossil. --- Triassic. --- Tropeognathus. --- Tyrannosauroidea. --- Urbanization. --- Wing chord (biology). --- Wing configuration. --- Zoology.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

A lavishly illustrated compendium of the art and history of animal anatomy from antiquity to todayFor more than two thousand years, comparative anatomy-the study of anatomical variation among different animal species-has been used to make arguments in natural philosophy, reinforce religious dogma, and remind us of our own mortality. This stunningly illustrated compendium traces the intertwined intellectual and artistic histories of comparative anatomy from antiquity to today.Stripped Bare brings together some of the most arresting images ever produced, from the earliest studies of animal form to the technicolor art of computer-generated anatomies. David Bainbridge draws on representative illustrations from different eras to discuss the philosophical, scientific, and artistic milieus from which they emerged. He vividly describes the unique aesthetics of each phase of anatomical endeavor, providing new insights into the exquisite anatomical drawings of Leonardo and Albrecht Dürer in the era before printing, Jean Héroard's cutting and cataloging of the horse during the age of Louis XIII, the exotic pictorial menageries of the Comte de Buffon in the eighteenth century, anatomical illustrations from Charles Darwin's voyages, the lavish symmetries of Ernst Haeckel's prints, and much, much more.Featuring a wealth of breathtaking color illustrations throughout, Stripped Bare is a panoramic tour of the intricacies of vertebrate life as well as an expansive history of the peculiar and beautiful ways humans have attempted to study and understand the natural world.

Anatomy, Artistic. --- Anatomy, Comparative --- Animals in art. --- Aculeata. --- Alfred Russel Wallace. --- Anatomy. --- Andreas Vesalius. --- Archaeopteryx. --- Argyropelecus. --- Augury. --- Baculum. --- Balkh. --- Battle of San Romano. --- Bestiary. --- Bipedalism. --- Bird. --- Body plan. --- Bridget Riley. --- Canine tooth. --- Carlo Ruini. --- Cerebral cortex. --- Charles Darwin. --- Circulatory system. --- Circumnavigation. --- Comparative anatomy. --- Coracoid. --- Corona radiata (embryology). --- Cubism. --- Dromedary. --- Dugong. --- Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash. --- Edema. --- Embryo, Mammalian. --- Embryo. --- Engraving. --- Ernst Haeckel. --- Exponential growth. --- Fetal membrane. --- Fetus. --- Giacomo Balla. --- Gideon Mantell. --- Gonad. --- Haruspex. --- Histoire Naturelle. --- Human skeleton. --- Hyrax. --- Iridescence. --- Jackalope. --- Jellyfish. --- Karl Ernst von Baer. --- Leash. --- Leonardo da Vinci. --- Lepus cornutus. --- Longevity. --- Mammal. --- Mammalian Species. --- Mammary gland. --- Mathematical and theoretical biology. --- Measurement. --- Mesohippus. --- Naqshbandi. --- Nuremberg. --- On Growth and Form. --- Ontogeny and Phylogeny (book). --- Ovarian artery. --- Paleontology. --- Phenol. --- Pierre Belon. --- Placenta. --- Plesiosauria. --- Pliocene. --- Processing (Chinese materia medica). --- Pterosaur. --- Renaissance. --- Reproductive biology. --- Ring finger. --- Ruminant. --- Samarkand. --- Sayyid. --- Scaly leg. --- Scientist. --- Sea lamprey. --- Shafi'i. --- South America. --- Spindle apparatus. --- Superiority (short story). --- Supporter. --- Tasmanian devil. --- Thomas Willis. --- Toucan. --- Trachea. --- Transitional fossil. --- Umbilical artery. --- Vagina. --- Ventricle (heart). --- Vertebra. --- Vertebrate. --- Veterinary medicine. --- Western painting. --- Working animal. --- Wrist. --- Zoological Society of London. --- Zoology.