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Corticosterone. --- Cross-species. --- Fostering. --- Function. --- Level. --- Mice. --- Plasma corticosterone. --- Plasma-corticosterone. --- Plasma. --- Rat. --- Species-differences.

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Activity. --- Corticosterone. --- Field. --- Mice. --- Open field. --- Open-field. --- Plasma corticosterone. --- Plasma-corticosterone. --- Plasma. --- Psychology. --- Rat aunts. --- Rat.

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Male Purdue-Wistar rats were handled for 20 days in infancy or were not disturbed (total N = 324). In adulthood these animals were subdivided and exposed to one of three electric shock intensities (0.2, 0.5, or 0.8 mA) for durations of 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, or 60 min. Following the termination of shock, the animals were killed immediately, 5 min afterwards, or 15 min afterwards; and the free plasma corticosterone was assayed. Both duration of shock and time between shock termination and decapitation affected the magnitude of the corticoid response; these effects were additive and permit the general conclusion that the major parameter is total time between shock onset and killing. Rats handled in infancy were found to have a greater amount of plasma corticosterone at the time that shock was terminated, but their rate of release of corticosterone during the subsequent 15 min was less than that of nonhandled controls.

Adulthood. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Control. --- Corticosterone response. --- Corticosterone. --- Decapitation. --- Development. --- Duration. --- Electric shock. --- Function. --- Infantile stimulation. --- Male. --- Parameters. --- Plasma corticosterone. --- Plasma-corticosterone. --- Plasma. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Release. --- Response. --- Shock. --- Stimulation. --- Stress. --- Time.

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Endocrine and immune parameters, namely glucocorticoid receptors (GcR) and IFN-gamma production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and corticosterone in plasma, were studied in groups of four male rabbits observed in seminatural conditions in relation to agonistic behaviour and to seasonal variations. These parameters were selected on the basis of the findings that the presence of GcR in PBMC gives an indication of the in vivo biological effects of glucocorticoids and that PBMC cytokine production and plasma corticosterone are related to social behaviour. The frequency of active and passive behaviours was used to rank the animals. Seasonal variations were present for agonistic behaviours (Attack, Follow, Chase) and For plasma corticosterone, which were significantly higher in winter. IFN-gamma production in PBMC was increased after social interactions in both seasons, while plasma corticosterone was increased only in winter: GcR capacity in PBMC was decreased after social interactions. The results indicate that social and physical environmental factors are correlated with immune-endocrine functions

Agonistic behaviour,seasonal variation,corticosterone,glucocorticoid receptors,ifn-gamma production,rabbit. --- Agonistic behaviour. --- Agonistic. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Behavior. --- Behaviour. --- Blood mononuclear-cells. --- Blood. --- Corticosterone. --- Dominance. --- Endocrine. --- Frequency. --- Function. --- Glucocorticoid receptors. --- Glucocorticoid. --- Glucocorticoids. --- Group. --- Hippocampal electrical-activity. --- Immune. --- Interaction. --- Interactions. --- Invivo. --- Male. --- Parameters. --- Physical. --- Pituitary. --- Plasma corticosterone. --- Plasma-corticosterone. --- Plasma. --- Production. --- Rabbit. --- Rabbits. --- Rank. --- Receptor. --- Receptors. --- Release. --- Responses. --- Season. --- Seasonal variation. --- Social behaviour. --- Social interaction. --- Social interactions. --- Social-interaction. --- Social. --- Stress. --- Variation.

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Artificial weaning in laboratory mice elicits increased levels of exploratory and escape behaviour. Under barren housing conditions patterns of exploration and escape subsequently develop into stereotypic behaviour. Weaning weight in wild house mice, Mus musculus domesticus, is known to affect offspring fitness, thus reduced weaning weight represents a risk to fitness. In male ICR-mice, Mus musculus, precocious weaning 3 days prior to standard weaning age tended to decrease growth rate in the long term, and differences in weaning weight of mice weaned at the standard age persisted into adulthood. Both plasma corticosterone levels 48 h after weaning and adult stereotypy levels were higher in precociously weaned mice, but also in animals weaned at the usual age but at a low weight. These results suggest that potential costs in terms of fitness may affect stress levels at the onset of stereotypy development and predispose ICR-mice to perform stereotypies at a high level when adult. (C) 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour

Adult. --- Adulthood. --- Age. --- Animal behaviour. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Artificial. --- Association. --- Bank voles. --- Behaviour. --- Clethrionomys-glareolus. --- Coping hypothesis. --- Corticosterone. --- Cost. --- Costs. --- Development. --- Escape. --- Exploration. --- Growth. --- House mice. --- Housing conditions. --- Housing. --- Induced jumping stereotypy. --- Laboratory mice. --- Laboratory. --- Level. --- Long-term. --- Male. --- Mice. --- Mus musculus. --- Mus-musculus-domesticus. --- Mus-musculus-l. --- Mus-musculus. --- Musculus. --- Pattern. --- Patterns. --- Plasma corticosterone. --- Plasma-corticosterone. --- Plasma. --- Reproductive success. --- Risk. --- Sex-ratio manipulation. --- Social-structure. --- Stereotypic behaviour. --- Stereotypic. --- Stereotypies. --- Stereotypy. --- Stress. --- Weaning age. --- Weaning. --- Weight. --- Wild house mice. --- Wild.