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Structural analysis. --- Fracturing. --- Panels. --- Stiffness. --- Applications programs (computers) --- Plane strain. --- Cracks. --- Fracture mechanics.

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New carbon materials with improved mechanical, electrical, chemical, and optical properties are predicted and considered to be very promising for practical application. Carbon-based materials in the form of films, fabrics, aerogels, or microstructural materials are known for their large surface areas and pore volumes, light weight, and a great variety of structural morphology. Such unique structures can then be employed for a variety of purposes, for example, the production of new electronic devices, energy storage, and the fabrication of new materials. Nowadays, clear understanding of carbon materials via several examples of synthesis/processing methodologies and properties characterization is required. This Special Issue, “Carbon-Based Materials”, addresses the current state regarding the production and investigation of carbon-based materials. It consists of 13 peer-reviewed papers that cover both theoretical and experimental works in a wide a range of subjects on carbon structures.

Technology: general issues --- carbon nanowalls --- plasma synthesis --- growth mechanism --- deposition speed --- deposition parameters --- deposition temperature --- reduced graphene oxide --- nitrogen-doping --- chemical vapor deposition --- physicochemical properties --- optical properties --- electrical conductivity --- graphite platelet coatings --- LDPE --- thermal expansion coefficient --- thermoresistive properties --- graphene oxide --- organosilanes --- grafting --- solid state NMR --- XRD --- ESR --- carbon nanotube bundle --- plane strain conditions --- lateral compression --- equilibrium structure --- thermal stability --- chain model --- single crystal diamond --- Homoepitaxy growth --- 300 torr --- graphene --- one-side modification --- hydrogenation --- fluorination --- chlorination --- CVD mosaic --- surface morphology --- substrates --- energy gap --- Dirac velocity --- mechanical deformation --- critical charge --- supercharged impurity --- resonant scattering --- coordination --- metallosupramolecular polymer --- active site --- carbon materials --- oxygen reduction reaction --- high volatile coking coal --- boron carbide --- coking behavior --- chemical structure --- coke quality --- crumpled graphene --- Ni-graphene composite --- hydrogen --- molecular dynamics --- storage media --- nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes --- oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) --- palladium --- chromium removal --- Ni–graphene composite --- mechanical properties

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New carbon materials with improved mechanical, electrical, chemical, and optical properties are predicted and considered to be very promising for practical application. Carbon-based materials in the form of films, fabrics, aerogels, or microstructural materials are known for their large surface areas and pore volumes, light weight, and a great variety of structural morphology. Such unique structures can then be employed for a variety of purposes, for example, the production of new electronic devices, energy storage, and the fabrication of new materials. Nowadays, clear understanding of carbon materials via several examples of synthesis/processing methodologies and properties characterization is required. This Special Issue, “Carbon-Based Materials”, addresses the current state regarding the production and investigation of carbon-based materials. It consists of 13 peer-reviewed papers that cover both theoretical and experimental works in a wide a range of subjects on carbon structures.

carbon nanowalls --- plasma synthesis --- growth mechanism --- deposition speed --- deposition parameters --- deposition temperature --- reduced graphene oxide --- nitrogen-doping --- chemical vapor deposition --- physicochemical properties --- optical properties --- electrical conductivity --- graphite platelet coatings --- LDPE --- thermal expansion coefficient --- thermoresistive properties --- graphene oxide --- organosilanes --- grafting --- solid state NMR --- XRD --- ESR --- carbon nanotube bundle --- plane strain conditions --- lateral compression --- equilibrium structure --- thermal stability --- chain model --- single crystal diamond --- Homoepitaxy growth --- 300 torr --- graphene --- one-side modification --- hydrogenation --- fluorination --- chlorination --- CVD mosaic --- surface morphology --- substrates --- energy gap --- Dirac velocity --- mechanical deformation --- critical charge --- supercharged impurity --- resonant scattering --- coordination --- metallosupramolecular polymer --- active site --- carbon materials --- oxygen reduction reaction --- high volatile coking coal --- boron carbide --- coking behavior --- chemical structure --- coke quality --- crumpled graphene --- Ni-graphene composite --- hydrogen --- molecular dynamics --- storage media --- nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes --- oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) --- palladium --- chromium removal --- Ni–graphene composite --- mechanical properties

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Steels represent a quite interesting material family, both from scientific and commercial points of view, following many applications they can be devoted to. Following this, it is therefore essential to deeply understand the relations between properties and microstructure and how to drive them via a specific process. Despite their diffusion as a consolidated material, many research fields are active regarding new applications. In this framework, in particular, the role of heat treatments in obtaining complex microstructures is still quite an open matter, which is also thanks to the design of innovative heat treatments.This Special Issue embraces interdisciplinary work covering physical metallurgy and processes, reporting on experimental and theoretical progress concerning microstructural evolution during the heat treatment of steels.

Technology: general issues --- nitriding --- nitrocarburizing --- two-stage treatment --- process design --- compound layer --- white layer --- nitriding hardness depth --- steel-clad plate --- element diffusion --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- high speed steel --- vacuum heat treatment --- plane strain fracture toughness --- residual stress --- creep --- stress relief --- welded rotor --- forged steels --- high-Cr steel --- austempering --- high silicon steel --- retained austenite --- pearlitic steel wire --- elongation to failure --- torsion --- reduction of area --- annealing --- low density steels --- forging --- kappa carbide --- FeCMnAl --- steel --- martensitic steel --- ε-carbide --- tempering --- hydrogen embrittlement --- mechanical strength --- inoculant --- materials design --- gear steel --- AlN precipitate --- carburization --- austenite grain size --- Zener pinning --- precipitation criterion --- boiling curve --- quenching severity --- boiling and quenching heat transfer --- metal quenching heat flow --- ultrafast heating annealing --- thermo-cycling annealing --- ultra-high strength steel --- auto-tempering --- martensite --- hole expansion ratio --- flash heating --- QP --- low carbon steel --- nitriding --- nitrocarburizing --- two-stage treatment --- process design --- compound layer --- white layer --- nitriding hardness depth --- steel-clad plate --- element diffusion --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- high speed steel --- vacuum heat treatment --- plane strain fracture toughness --- residual stress --- creep --- stress relief --- welded rotor --- forged steels --- high-Cr steel --- austempering --- high silicon steel --- retained austenite --- pearlitic steel wire --- elongation to failure --- torsion --- reduction of area --- annealing --- low density steels --- forging --- kappa carbide --- FeCMnAl --- steel --- martensitic steel --- ε-carbide --- tempering --- hydrogen embrittlement --- mechanical strength --- inoculant --- materials design --- gear steel --- AlN precipitate --- carburization --- austenite grain size --- Zener pinning --- precipitation criterion --- boiling curve --- quenching severity --- boiling and quenching heat transfer --- metal quenching heat flow --- ultrafast heating annealing --- thermo-cycling annealing --- ultra-high strength steel --- auto-tempering --- martensite --- hole expansion ratio --- flash heating --- QP --- low carbon steel