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Czech Republic --- Germany --- Middle Europe --- Pinus strobus --- invasive species
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Ammophila arenaria --- Michigan --- Picea canadensis --- Pinus resinosa --- Pinus strobus --- Salix glaucophylla --- Sarracenia purpurea --- USA --- vegetation description
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DEN Dendrology & Forestry --- Ontario --- Pinaceae --- Pinus resinosa --- Pinus strobus --- checklists --- dendrology --- distribution limits
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Pinus --- Picea --- Pollen --- Semence --- Seed --- Peuplement semencier --- Seed stands --- Arbre forestier --- forest trees --- Pinus strobus --- Picea mariana --- Picea glauca --- Canada --- pollen
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Pinus --- Opération forestière --- forestry operations --- Aménagement forestier --- Forest management --- Forêt résineuse --- Coniferous forests --- Pinède --- Pine forests --- Pinus strobus --- Pinus resinosa --- Éclaircissage --- Thinning --- Canada
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Although ecologists have long considered morphology and life history to be important determinants of the distribution, abundance, and dynamics of plants in nature, this book contains the first theory to predict explicitly both the evolution of plant traits and the effects of these traits on plant community structure and dynamics. David Tilman focuses on the universal requirement of terrestrial plants for both below-ground and above-ground resources. The physical separation of these resources means that plants face an unavoidable tradeoff. To obtain a higher proportion of one resource, a plant must allocate more of its growth to the structures involved in its acquisition, and thus necessarily obtain a lower proportion of another resource. Professor Tilman presents a simple theory that includes this constraint and tradeoff, and uses the theory to explore the evolution of plant life histories and morphologies along productivity and disturbance gradients. The book shows that relative growth rate, which is predicted to be strongly influenced by a plant's proportional allocation to leaves, is a major determinant of the transient dynamics of competition. These dynamics may explain the differences between successions on poor versus rich soils and suggest that most field experiments performed to date have been of too short a duration to allow unambiguous interpretation of their results.
Okologi Plantegeografi --- Agrostic scabra. --- Alopercurus pratensis. --- Artemisia ludoviciana. --- Berteroa incana. --- Carex muhlenbergii. --- Crepis tectorum. --- Dryas drummondii. --- Erigeron canadensis. --- Festuca ovina. --- Geomys bursarius. --- Grime, comparison with. --- Hedeoma hispida. --- Holcus lanatus. --- Lempholemma. --- Lespedeza capitata. --- Microtus pennsylvanicus. --- Panicum perlongum. --- Pinus strobus. --- Quercus rubra. --- Rosa arkansana. --- Setaria glauca. --- nutritional isoclines. --- transient dynamics. --- zero net growth isoclines.
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Hardwood-dominated temperate forests (mostly in Eastern North America, Europe, North East Asia) provide valuable renewable timber and numerous ecosystem services. Many of these forests have been subjected to harvesting or conversion to agriculture, sometimes over centuries, that have greatly reduced their former extent and diversity. Natural regeneration following harvesting or during post-agricultural succession has often failed to restore these forests adequately. Past harvesting practices and the valuable timber of some species have led to a reduction in their abundance. The loss of apex predators has caused herbivore populations to increase and exert intense browsing pressure on hardwood regeneration, often preventing it. Particularly important are fruit, nut and acorn bearing species, because of their vital role in forest food webs and biodiversity. Restoring hardwood species to natural forests in which they were formerly more abundant will require a number of forest management actions (e.g., resistant hybrids, deer exclosures/protectors, enrichment planting, underplanting, etc.). Similarly, reforesting areas that were once natural forests will also require new silvicultural knowledge. Global warming trends will intensify the need for interventions to maintain the diversity and function of temperate hardwood forests, as well as for increase hardwood reforestation.
Fagaceae species --- soil disturbance --- non-timber forest products --- precision restoration --- protected landscape area --- tree selection --- cultural diversity --- Quercus rubra --- hardwood restoration --- enrichment planting --- sub-tropical hardwoods --- agroforestry --- herbicide effects --- biological diversity --- competition --- Juglans nigra L. --- understorey --- invasive plants --- wildfire --- forest restoration --- Quercus macrocarpa --- riparian forest restoration --- vegetation management --- assisted migration --- sugar maple --- deer browsing --- species composition --- tolerance --- phosphorus --- growth efficiency index --- floristic quality index --- shelterwood --- Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch --- monitoring --- indicators --- seed predation --- Bioclimatic niche --- non-parametric correlation --- unmanaged forest --- Native Americans --- abandoned agricultural field --- native mixed forests --- tree vigor --- forest diversity --- predation --- weed control --- nitrate --- facilitation --- inventory --- hardwoods --- Mexican tree species --- yellow birch --- tree plantation --- seedling establishment --- deer abundance --- avian guilds --- Pinus strobus L. --- Central Hardwood Forest region --- Pinus strobus --- Durango --- MaxEnt --- Juglans nigra --- oak regeneration --- forest regeneration --- Quercus rubra L. --- deer herbivory --- ecosystem services --- tree shelter
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