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AMS-02 is an astrophysical experiment embarked on the International Space Station since 2011, designed to measure the fluxes of cosmic rays arriving at the Earth. AMS-02 has detected a significant excess in the positron flux at Earth that is inconsistent with the production of positrons in collisions of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. This thesis addresses the viability of a scalar two-component dark matter in the context of the AMS-02 measurements of positrons and antiprotons. Astrophysical alternatives to dark matter are briefly discusses, namely pulsars.
AMS-02 --- Quantum Field Theory --- Particle Physics --- Physics Beyond the Standard Model --- Dark Matter --- Galactic Propagation --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Physique --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Aérospatiale, astronomie & astrophysique
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This volume is composed of extensive and detailed notes from the lectures given at the 40th Karpacz Winter School. This school focussed on quantum gravity phenomenology with emphasis on its relation to observational astrophysics and cosmology. These notes have been carefully edited with the aim to give advanced students and young researchers a balanced and accessible introduction to an rather heavily mathematical subject.
Quantum gravity --- Cosmology --- Astrophysics --- Gravité quantique --- Cosmologie --- Astrophysique --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- Physics. --- Relativity (Physics). --- Relativity and Cosmology. --- Physics beyond the Standard Model. --- Atomic Physics --- Physics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Gravitation. --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Matter --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Properties
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The Physics of the Early Universe is an edited and expanded version of the lectures given at a recent summer school of the same name. Its aim is to present an advanced multi-authored textbook that meets the needs of both postgraduate students and young researchers interested in, or already working on, problems in cosmology and general relativity, with emphasis on the early universe. A particular strong feature of the present work is the constructive-critical approach to the present mainstream theories, the careful assessment of some alternative approaches, and the overall balance between theoretical and observational considerations. As such, this book will also benefit experienced scientists and nonspecialists from related areas of research.
Cosmology --- Nuclear astrophysics --- Cosmologie --- Astrophysique nucléaire --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- Physics. --- Astrophysics. --- Relativity (Physics). --- Quantum theory. --- Relativity and Cosmology. --- Physics beyond the Standard Model. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Astrophysics --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Astronomical physics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Gravitation. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Classical and Quantum Gravitation, Relativity Theory. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Astrophysics and Astroparticles. --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Field theory (Physics) --- Matter --- Antigravity --- Centrifugal force --- Relativity (Physics) --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Quantum theory --- Properties
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Application of the concepts and methods of topology and geometry have led to a deeper understanding of many crucial aspects in condensed matter physics, cosmology, gravity and particle physics. This book can be considered an advanced textbook on modern applications and recent developments in these fields of physical research. Written as a set of largely self-contained extensive lectures, the book gives an introduction to topological concepts in gauge theories, BRST quantization, chiral anomalies, supersymmetric solitons and noncommutative geometry. It will be of benefit to postgraduate students, educating newcomers to the field and lecturers looking for advanced material.
Topology. --- Geometry. --- Mathematical physics. --- Topologie --- Géométrie --- Physique mathématique --- Physics. --- Global differential geometry. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Physics beyond the Standard Model. --- Differential Geometry. --- Topology --- Geometry --- Mathematical physics --- Applied Physics --- Physics - General --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Physical mathematics --- Analysis situs --- Position analysis --- Rubber-sheet geometry --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Mathematics --- Differential geometry. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Geometry, Differential --- Differential geometry --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics
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This volume offers an introduction, in the form of four extensive lectures, to some recent developments in several active topics at the interface between geometry, topology and quantum field theory. The first lecture is by Christine Lescop on knot invariants and configuration spaces, in which a universal finite-type invariant for knots is constructed as a series of integrals over configuration spaces. This is followed by the contribution of Raimar Wulkenhaar on Euclidean quantum field theory from a statistical point of view. The author also discusses possible renormalization techniques on noncommutative spaces. The third lecture is by Anamaria Font and Stefan Theisen on string compactification with unbroken supersymmetry. The authors show that this requirement leads to internal spaces of special holonomy and describe Calabi-Yau manifolds in detail. The last lecture, by Thierry Fack, is devoted to a K-theory proof of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem and discusses some applications of K-theory to noncommutative geometry. These lectures notes, which are aimed in particular at graduate students in physics and mathematics, start with introductory material before presenting more advanced results. Each chapter is self-contained and can be read independently.
Quantum field theory. --- Topology. --- Théorie quantique des champs --- Topologie --- Physics. --- Global differential geometry. --- Cell aggregation --- Mathematical physics. --- Quantum theory. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Physics beyond the Standard Model. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Manifolds and Cell Complexes (incl. Diff.Topology). --- Differential Geometry. --- Quantum field theory --- Topology --- Physics - General --- Atomic Physics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Mathematics. --- Analysis situs --- Position analysis --- Rubber-sheet geometry --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physical mathematics --- Aggregation, Cell --- Cell patterning --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Mathematics --- Differential geometry. --- Manifolds (Mathematics). --- Complex manifolds. --- String theory. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Geometry, Differential --- Cell interaction --- Microbial aggregation --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Differential geometry --- Analytic spaces --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics --- Models, String --- String theory --- Nuclear reactions
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The theory of quantum chromo dynamics (QCD), an organic part of the standard model (SM) of particle physics, has been validated by many theoretical and experimental studies. The strongly coupled QCD dynamics controls colored particles’ (quarks and gluons) collective motion at large spacetime separations and the formation of colorless composite states (hadrons). While QCD theory and the related phenomenology aspects are being intensively studied in laboratory measurements, the possible connections of this important layer of knowledge to cosmology remain rather vague and largely unexplored. No doubt, the physical vacuum has been transformed many times throughout the lifetime of the universe and has affected its history through a sequence of events, such as the cosmic inflation, phase transitions, and the dark-energy-dominated expansion. Strong interactions could play an important role in some of these cosmological events. In particular, the emergence of a new state of matter called the quark-gluon plasma at the LHC is often suggested to provide an important source of empirical knowledge to what the universe looked like in the first few moments after the Big Bang. This Special Issue aims at creating an overview of the recent progress in these directions by focusing on the novel implications of quantum chromo, or more generally, Yang–Mills (YM) dynamics, to the physics of the early universe and critical phenomena in cosmology.
Research & information: general --- Physics --- dynamics of phase transitions --- spinodal instability --- heavy-ion collisions --- neutron stars --- dark energy --- non-Abelian gauge theory --- condensate --- QCD --- DGLAP equations --- physics beyond the standard model --- tensorgluons --- extended DGLAP equations --- tensorgluon splitting functions --- neutron star --- equation of state --- many-body methods of nuclear matter --- neutron-skin thickness --- GW170817 --- Weyl gravity --- renormalization group --- inflation --- light scalar fields --- axial anomaly --- SU(2) Yang–Mills thermodynamics --- de-percolation of axionic lumps --- cosmological and galactic dark-matter densities --- cosmology --- particle physics --- particle symmetry --- stable particles --- dark matter --- cosmic rays --- QCD in the early universe --- phase transitions --- hydrodynamical evolution --- equation of state of super-dense matter --- classical Yang-Mills fields --- Dark Energy --- Dark Matter --- gluon condensate --- effective Yang-Mills action --- cosmic inflation --- n/a --- SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics --- Research. --- Physics.
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