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Phylogenetics

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SPECIES --- THEORETICAL BIOLOGY --- PHYLOGENETICS --- CONCEPTS --- SPECIES --- THEORETICAL BIOLOGY --- PHYLOGENETICS --- CONCEPTS

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Understanding the history and philosophy of biological systematics (phylogenetics, taxonomy and classification of living things) is key to successful practice of the discipline. In this thoroughly revised Third Edition of the classic Biological Systematics, Andrew V. Z. Brower and Randall T. Schuh provide an updated account of cladistic principles and techniques, emphasizing their empirical and epistemological clarity. Schuh and Brower cover: -the history and philosophy of systematics -the mechanics and methods of character analysis, phylogenetic inference, and evaluation of results -the practical application of systematic results to: - biological classification, - adaptation and coevolution - biodiversity, and conservation -new chapters on species and molecular clocks Biological Systematics is intended as a textbook for students studying systematic biology and as a desk reference for practicing systematists. Part explication of concepts and methods, part exploration of the underlying epistemology of systematics, Brower and Schuh aim in this third edition to explain why some methods are more empirically sound than others.

Biology --- Classification. --- , philosophy of systematics. --- Phylogenetics, Philosophy of science, Biogeography.

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Whether you are looking for an introduction to the field of tree balance, a reference work on the multitude of available balance indices or inspiration for your future research, this book offers all three. It delves into the significance of tree balance in phylogenetics and other research domains, where numerous indices have been introduced over the years. While the variations in definitions and underlying principles among these indices have long remained a challenge, this survey addresses the problem by presenting formal definitions of balance and imbalance indices and establishing desirable properties. The book is comprehensive both in the inclusion of a variety of indices and in the information provided on them: the authors meticulously analyze and categorize established indices, shedding light on their general, statistical and combinatorial properties. They reveal that, while some known balance indices fail to meet the most basic criteria, certain tree shape statistics from other contexts prove to be effective balance measures. The collected properties are neatly presented, numerous new results are established, open research questions are highlighted, and possible applications are discussed. Reviewing over twenty (im)balance indices, a wealth of mathematical insights is provided, accompanied by real-world examples showcasing the importance of tree balance in diverse research areas. Catering to researchers, students, mathematicians, and biologists, the book can be used as a textbook for university seminars, a reference on tree balance, and as a source of inspiration for future research. It is accompanied by the free R package 'treebalance', a powerful tool to further explore and apply the discussed concepts, and a website allowing quick access to the main information and the latest developments in the field.

Graph theory. --- Phylogeny. --- Evolution (Biology). --- Graph Theory. --- Phylogenetics. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Filogènia --- Filogeografia. --- Estadística matemàtica

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Cladistic analysis --- Phylogeny --- Zoology --- Analyse cladistique --- Phylogenèse --- Zoologie --- Classification --- Animals --- Cladistic analysis. --- Phylogeny. --- Phylogenèse --- CLADISTICS --- PHYLOGENETICS --- METHODS --- MANUALS