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In the two last decades, proteases have constituted one of the primary and important targets in drug discovery. The U.S. FDA has approved more than 12 protease therapies in the last 10 years, and a number of next-generation or completely new proteases are under clinical development. Protease inhibition strategies are one of the fastest expanding areas in the field of of drugs that show considerable promise. This Special Issue will focus on the recent advances in the discovery and development of protease inhibitors, covering the synthesis of protease inhibitors, the design of new chemical entities acting as inhibitors of special/particular types of proteases, and their mode of actions (Frolova et al. 2020; Slapak et al. 2020; Künnapuu et al. 2021). In addition, the new applications of these interesting compounds/biomolecules and their limitations have been discussed and described (Wang et al. 2020; Bartošová-Sojková et al. 2021).

Research & information: general --- MMP --- MMP2 --- MMP9 --- MMP7 --- MMP14 --- matrix metalloproteases --- PDAC --- pancreatic cancer --- Bowman–Birk inhibitor --- ranacyclin --- trypsin inhibitor --- structure–activity relationship --- synergistic effect --- Gentamicin --- matrix metalloproteinase --- extracellular matrix --- nuclei --- cancer --- apoptosis --- immune response --- cysteine protease inhibitor --- stefin --- signal peptide --- parasite --- phylogenetic analysis --- diversification --- protein structure --- vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) --- VEGF-A --- PlGF --- VEGF-B --- VEGF-C --- VEGF-D --- angiogenesis --- lymphangiogenesis --- CCBE1 --- proteases --- ADAMTS3 --- plasmin --- cathepsin D --- KLK3 --- prostate-specific antigen (PSA) --- thrombin --- wound healing --- metastasis --- proteolytic activation --- vascular biology --- lymphedema --- MMP --- MMP2 --- MMP9 --- MMP7 --- MMP14 --- matrix metalloproteases --- PDAC --- pancreatic cancer --- Bowman–Birk inhibitor --- ranacyclin --- trypsin inhibitor --- structure–activity relationship --- synergistic effect --- Gentamicin --- matrix metalloproteinase --- extracellular matrix --- nuclei --- cancer --- apoptosis --- immune response --- cysteine protease inhibitor --- stefin --- signal peptide --- parasite --- phylogenetic analysis --- diversification --- protein structure --- vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) --- VEGF-A --- PlGF --- VEGF-B --- VEGF-C --- VEGF-D --- angiogenesis --- lymphangiogenesis --- CCBE1 --- proteases --- ADAMTS3 --- plasmin --- cathepsin D --- KLK3 --- prostate-specific antigen (PSA) --- thrombin --- wound healing --- metastasis --- proteolytic activation --- vascular biology --- lymphedema

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The papers included in this Special Issue address a variety of important aspects of Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology of Plant Cytoplasmic Organelles, including new advances in the sequencing of both mitochondria and chloroplasts’ genomes using Next-Generation Sequencing technology in plant species and algae including important crop and tree species, in vitro culture protocol, and identification of a core module of genes involved in plastid development. In particular, the published studies focus on the description of adaptive evolution, elucidate mitochondrial mRNA processing, highlight the effect of domestication process on plastome variability and report the development of molecular markers. A meta-analysis of recently published genome-wide expression studies allowed the identification of novel nuclear genes, involved in the complex and still unrevealed mechanisms at the basis of communication between chloroplast and nucleus (retrograde signalling) during plastid development (biogenic control). Finally, an optimized regeneration protocol useful in plastid transformation of recalcitrant species, such as sugarcane, has been reported.

Research & information: general --- mitochondrial genome --- buckwheat --- plastid genome --- genetic diversity --- long reads --- targeted assembly --- genome assembly --- Fagus --- Fagaceae --- Fagales --- molecular marker --- mitochondrial marker --- taxon assignment --- CAPS marker --- SNP --- next-generation sequencing --- Solanum --- Italian landraces --- plastome --- molecular markers --- phylogenetic analysis --- plastid transformation --- sugarcane --- unfurled leaves --- streptomycin --- heteroplasmy --- mesophyll and bundle sheath cells --- plastids --- photomorphogenesis --- retrograde control --- biogenic signals --- lincomycin --- norflurazon --- pap7-1 mutant --- mitochondria --- RNA processing --- algal evolution --- circular RNA --- polycytidylation --- PacBio Iso-Seq --- Capparaceae --- chloroplast genome --- Cadaba --- Maerua --- phylogenetic relationships

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In the two last decades, proteases have constituted one of the primary and important targets in drug discovery. The U.S. FDA has approved more than 12 protease therapies in the last 10 years, and a number of next-generation or completely new proteases are under clinical development. Protease inhibition strategies are one of the fastest expanding areas in the field of of drugs that show considerable promise. This Special Issue will focus on the recent advances in the discovery and development of protease inhibitors, covering the synthesis of protease inhibitors, the design of new chemical entities acting as inhibitors of special/particular types of proteases, and their mode of actions (Frolova et al. 2020; Slapak et al. 2020; Künnapuu et al. 2021). In addition, the new applications of these interesting compounds/biomolecules and their limitations have been discussed and described (Wang et al. 2020; Bartošová-Sojková et al. 2021).

MMP --- MMP2 --- MMP9 --- MMP7 --- MMP14 --- matrix metalloproteases --- PDAC --- pancreatic cancer --- Bowman–Birk inhibitor --- ranacyclin --- trypsin inhibitor --- structure–activity relationship --- synergistic effect --- Gentamicin --- matrix metalloproteinase --- extracellular matrix --- nuclei --- cancer --- apoptosis --- immune response --- cysteine protease inhibitor --- stefin --- signal peptide --- parasite --- phylogenetic analysis --- diversification --- protein structure --- vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) --- VEGF-A --- PlGF --- VEGF-B --- VEGF-C --- VEGF-D --- angiogenesis --- lymphangiogenesis --- CCBE1 --- proteases --- ADAMTS3 --- plasmin --- cathepsin D --- KLK3 --- prostate-specific antigen (PSA) --- thrombin --- wound healing --- metastasis --- proteolytic activation --- vascular biology --- lymphedema

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The papers included in this Special Issue address a variety of important aspects of Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology of Plant Cytoplasmic Organelles, including new advances in the sequencing of both mitochondria and chloroplasts’ genomes using Next-Generation Sequencing technology in plant species and algae including important crop and tree species, in vitro culture protocol, and identification of a core module of genes involved in plastid development. In particular, the published studies focus on the description of adaptive evolution, elucidate mitochondrial mRNA processing, highlight the effect of domestication process on plastome variability and report the development of molecular markers. A meta-analysis of recently published genome-wide expression studies allowed the identification of novel nuclear genes, involved in the complex and still unrevealed mechanisms at the basis of communication between chloroplast and nucleus (retrograde signalling) during plastid development (biogenic control). Finally, an optimized regeneration protocol useful in plastid transformation of recalcitrant species, such as sugarcane, has been reported.

mitochondrial genome --- buckwheat --- plastid genome --- genetic diversity --- long reads --- targeted assembly --- genome assembly --- Fagus --- Fagaceae --- Fagales --- molecular marker --- mitochondrial marker --- taxon assignment --- CAPS marker --- SNP --- next-generation sequencing --- Solanum --- Italian landraces --- plastome --- molecular markers --- phylogenetic analysis --- plastid transformation --- sugarcane --- unfurled leaves --- streptomycin --- heteroplasmy --- mesophyll and bundle sheath cells --- plastids --- photomorphogenesis --- retrograde control --- biogenic signals --- lincomycin --- norflurazon --- pap7-1 mutant --- mitochondria --- RNA processing --- algal evolution --- circular RNA --- polycytidylation --- PacBio Iso-Seq --- Capparaceae --- chloroplast genome --- Cadaba --- Maerua --- phylogenetic relationships

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The worldwide emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, specially those resistant to last-resource antibiotics, is now a common problem being defined as one of three priorities for the safeguarding of One Health by the Tripartite Alliance, which includes the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Office International des Epizooties (OIE). Bacteria resistance profiles, together with the expression of specific virulence markers, have a major influence on the outcomes of infectious diseases. These bacterial traits are interconnected, since not only the presence of antibiotics may influence bacterial virulence gene expression and consequently infection pathogenesis, but some virulence factors may also contribute to an increased bacterial resistance ability, as observed in biofilm-producing strains. The surveillance of important resistant and virulent clones and associated mobile genetic elements is essential for decision making in terms of mitigation measures to be applied for the prevention of such infections in both human and veterinary medicine. However, the role of natural environments as important components of the dissemination cycle of these strains has not been consider until recently. This Special Issue aims to publish manuscripts that contribute to the understanding of the impact of bacterial antimicrobial resistance and virulence in the three areas of the One Health triad–i.e., animal, human and environmental health.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Microbiology (non-medical) --- MRSA --- EMRSA-15 --- MLSB --- bacteremia --- bloodstream infections --- antibiotic resistance --- aquatic contamination --- probabilistic sampling --- San Francisco Estuary --- coast --- Pseudomonas --- Shewanella algae --- Vibrio parahaemolyticus --- biocide --- Listeria monocytogenes --- biofilm --- planktonic culture --- pulsed-field gel electrophoresis --- Escherichia coli --- fosfomycin --- nitrofurantoin --- antimicrobial resistance --- antibiotic susceptibility --- WGS --- phylogenetic analysis --- DNA mismatch repair system --- Salmonella Choleraesuis --- Iberian pig --- wild boar --- phylogenetic relationship --- plasmid replicon typing --- colistin --- carcass --- cfr gene --- fexA gene --- linezolid --- mutation --- pig --- public health --- S. aureus --- avian colibacillosis --- salmonellosis --- MDR --- tetA --- nisin --- mutant prevention concentration --- mutant selection window --- antimicrobial susceptibility testing --- horizontal gene transfer --- Salmonella --- reptiles --- isolation --- biofilms --- chlorhexidine gluconate --- wounds --- Gram-negative bacteria --- colonization --- infection --- clonal lineages --- resistance genes --- virulence factors --- Staphylococcus aureus --- skin and soft-tissue infections --- plasmids --- Panton–Valentine leucocidin --- MRSA --- EMRSA-15 --- MLSB --- bacteremia --- bloodstream infections --- antibiotic resistance --- aquatic contamination --- probabilistic sampling --- San Francisco Estuary --- coast --- Pseudomonas --- Shewanella algae --- Vibrio parahaemolyticus --- biocide --- Listeria monocytogenes --- biofilm --- planktonic culture --- pulsed-field gel electrophoresis --- Escherichia coli --- fosfomycin --- nitrofurantoin --- antimicrobial resistance --- antibiotic susceptibility --- WGS --- phylogenetic analysis --- DNA mismatch repair system --- Salmonella Choleraesuis --- Iberian pig --- wild boar --- phylogenetic relationship --- plasmid replicon typing --- colistin --- carcass --- cfr gene --- fexA gene --- linezolid --- mutation --- pig --- public health --- S. aureus --- avian colibacillosis --- salmonellosis --- MDR --- tetA --- nisin --- mutant prevention concentration --- mutant selection window --- antimicrobial susceptibility testing --- horizontal gene transfer --- Salmonella --- reptiles --- isolation --- biofilms --- chlorhexidine gluconate --- wounds --- Gram-negative bacteria --- colonization --- infection --- clonal lineages --- resistance genes --- virulence factors --- Staphylococcus aureus --- skin and soft-tissue infections --- plasmids --- Panton–Valentine leucocidin