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This book includes recent advances in the use of clays in the design of medicinal products and medicinal devices. The pharmaceutical applications of nanoclays are far ranging, because of their distinct advantages: they are versatile (possess a wide range of mechanical, chemical and physical properties) and available at reasonable costs. Some special clays (mainly kaolinite, halloysite, montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite, palygorskite and sepiolite), as well as semi-synthetic (organoclays) or synthetic (double layer hydroxides) derivatives, are very useful materials for modulating drug delivery. In the last decade, several actives have been loaded onto nanoclays and similar inorganic excipients to increase solubility, improve stability, reduce toxicity, and enhance bioavailability, with a consequent increase in therapeutic response. Polymer/clay nanocomposites with synergic properties have been developed, showing improved mechanical properties with respect to the pristine polymer matrices and allowing modified release of loaded actives. Moreover, nanoclays have very recently demonstrated positive effects on the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. The development of clay-based medicinal products and medicinal devices requires experience in the fields of both clay structure and properties and pharmaceutical technology design.

Medicine --- hydrochlorothiazide --- cyclodextrins --- sepiolite --- nanoclay --- dissolution rate --- tablet --- electrospinning --- chitosan --- chondroitin sulfate --- scaffolds --- montmorillonite --- halloysite --- fibroblasts proliferation --- immune response --- glycosaminoglycans --- antimicrobial properties --- palygorskite --- spring water --- hydrogel --- fibroblast --- biocompatibility --- wound healing --- mesoporous clay --- Neusilin --- aeroperl --- liquisolid technique --- glyburide --- dissolution improvement --- hydrotalcite --- ketoprofen --- hybrid --- photostability --- hydrogel film --- bioadhesion --- heavy metal --- hazardous element --- element mobility --- clay minerals --- toxicity --- palygorksite --- proliferation --- Franz cell --- bioactive elements --- praziquantel --- drug --- organic solvents --- in vitro dissolution tests --- cytotoxicity --- targeted drug delivery --- halloysite nanotube --- osteosarcoma --- methotrexate --- surface modification --- hydrochlorothiazide --- cyclodextrins --- sepiolite --- nanoclay --- dissolution rate --- tablet --- electrospinning --- chitosan --- chondroitin sulfate --- scaffolds --- montmorillonite --- halloysite --- fibroblasts proliferation --- immune response --- glycosaminoglycans --- antimicrobial properties --- palygorskite --- spring water --- hydrogel --- fibroblast --- biocompatibility --- wound healing --- mesoporous clay --- Neusilin --- aeroperl --- liquisolid technique --- glyburide --- dissolution improvement --- hydrotalcite --- ketoprofen --- hybrid --- photostability --- hydrogel film --- bioadhesion --- heavy metal --- hazardous element --- element mobility --- clay minerals --- toxicity --- palygorksite --- proliferation --- Franz cell --- bioactive elements --- praziquantel --- drug --- organic solvents --- in vitro dissolution tests --- cytotoxicity --- targeted drug delivery --- halloysite nanotube --- osteosarcoma --- methotrexate --- surface modification

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This book includes recent advances in the use of clays in the design of medicinal products and medicinal devices. The pharmaceutical applications of nanoclays are far ranging, because of their distinct advantages: they are versatile (possess a wide range of mechanical, chemical and physical properties) and available at reasonable costs. Some special clays (mainly kaolinite, halloysite, montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite, palygorskite and sepiolite), as well as semi-synthetic (organoclays) or synthetic (double layer hydroxides) derivatives, are very useful materials for modulating drug delivery. In the last decade, several actives have been loaded onto nanoclays and similar inorganic excipients to increase solubility, improve stability, reduce toxicity, and enhance bioavailability, with a consequent increase in therapeutic response. Polymer/clay nanocomposites with synergic properties have been developed, showing improved mechanical properties with respect to the pristine polymer matrices and allowing modified release of loaded actives. Moreover, nanoclays have very recently demonstrated positive effects on the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. The development of clay-based medicinal products and medicinal devices requires experience in the fields of both clay structure and properties and pharmaceutical technology design.

hydrochlorothiazide --- cyclodextrins --- sepiolite --- nanoclay --- dissolution rate --- tablet --- electrospinning --- chitosan --- chondroitin sulfate --- scaffolds --- montmorillonite --- halloysite --- fibroblasts proliferation --- immune response --- glycosaminoglycans --- antimicrobial properties --- palygorskite --- spring water --- hydrogel --- fibroblast --- biocompatibility --- wound healing --- mesoporous clay --- Neusilin --- aeroperl --- liquisolid technique --- glyburide --- dissolution improvement --- hydrotalcite --- ketoprofen --- hybrid --- photostability --- hydrogel film --- bioadhesion --- heavy metal --- hazardous element --- element mobility --- clay minerals --- toxicity --- palygorksite --- proliferation --- Franz cell --- bioactive elements --- praziquantel --- drug --- organic solvents --- in vitro dissolution tests --- cytotoxicity --- targeted drug delivery --- halloysite nanotube --- osteosarcoma --- methotrexate --- surface modification --- n/a

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The chemistry of silicon has always been a field of major concern due to its proximity to carbon on the periodic table. From the molecular chemist's viewpoint, one of the most interesting differences between carbon and silicon is their divergent coordination behavior. In fact, silicon is prone to form hyper-coordinate organosilicon complexes, and, as conveyed by reports in the literature, highly sophisticated ligand systems are required to furnish low-coordinate organosilicon complexes. Tremendous progress in experimental, as well as computational, techniques has granted synthetic access to a broad range of coordination numbers for silicon, and the scientific endeavor, which was ongoing for decades, was rewarded with landmark discoveries in the field of organosilicon chemistry. Molecular congeners of silicon(0), as well as silicon oxides, were unveiled, and the prominent group 14 metalloid proved its applicability in homogenous catalysis as a supportive ligand or even as a center of catalytic activity. This book focuses on the most recent advances in the coordination chemistry of silicon with transition metals as well as main group elements, including the stabilization of low-valent silicon species through the coordination of electron donor ligands. Therefore, this book is associated with the development of novel synthetic methodologies, structural elucidations, bonding analysis, and also possible applications in catalysis or chemical transformations using related organosilicon compounds.

cluster --- molecular orbital analysis --- bond activation --- X-ray diffraction --- silsesquioxanes --- digermacyclobutadiene --- intermetallic bond --- germanium --- computational chemistry --- ?-electron systems --- isocyanide --- X-ray crystallography --- cyclic organopolysilane --- disilene --- ruthenium --- platinum --- DFT --- Photostability --- silicon surfaces --- stereochemistry --- palladium --- distorted coordination --- ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy --- organosilicon --- disilanylene polymer --- Si–Cl activation --- adsorption --- AIM --- siliconoid --- nanoparticle --- disiloxane tetrols --- germylene --- hydrogen bonding --- TiO₂ --- dehydrogenative alkoxylation --- siloxanes --- 2-silylpyrrolidines --- bonding analysis --- ?-chloro-?-hydrooligosilane --- hydrido complex --- oxidative addition --- photoreaction --- template --- surface modification --- titanium --- bromosilylenes --- host-guest chemistry --- hydrogen bonds --- salt-free --- N-heterocyclic carbines --- silicon cluster --- condensation --- silyliumylidenes --- Baird’s rule --- N-heterocyclic carbenes --- reductant --- main group coordination chemistry --- molecular cage --- subvalent compounds --- isomerization --- silanetriols --- germathioacid chloride --- dehydrobromination --- N-heterocyclic carbene --- mechanistic insights --- ligand-exchange reaction --- bridging silylene ligand --- dye-sensitized solar cell --- silylene --- computation --- functionalization --- silicon --- digermene --- N-Heterocyclic tetrylene --- density functional theory --- primary silane --- small molecule activation --- excited state aromaticity --- germanethione --- supramolecular chemistry

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The chemistry of silicon has always been a field of major concern due to its proximity to carbon on the periodic table. From the molecular chemist's viewpoint, one of the most interesting differences between carbon and silicon is their divergent coordination behavior. In fact, silicon is prone to form hyper-coordinate organosilicon complexes, and, as conveyed by reports in the literature, highly sophisticated ligand systems are required to furnish low-coordinate organosilicon complexes. Tremendous progress in experimental, as well as computational, techniques has granted synthetic access to a broad range of coordination numbers for silicon, and the scientific endeavor, which was ongoing for decades, was rewarded with landmark discoveries in the field of organosilicon chemistry. Molecular congeners of silicon(0), as well as silicon oxides, were unveiled, and the prominent group 14 metalloid proved its applicability in homogenous catalysis as a supportive ligand or even as a center of catalytic activity. This book focuses on the most recent advances in the coordination chemistry of silicon with transition metals as well as main group elements, including the stabilization of low-valent silicon species through the coordination of electron donor ligands. Therefore, this book is associated with the development of novel synthetic methodologies, structural elucidations, bonding analysis, and also possible applications in catalysis or chemical transformations using related organosilicon compounds.

cluster --- molecular orbital analysis --- bond activation --- X-ray diffraction --- silsesquioxanes --- digermacyclobutadiene --- intermetallic bond --- germanium --- computational chemistry --- ?-electron systems --- isocyanide --- X-ray crystallography --- cyclic organopolysilane --- disilene --- ruthenium --- platinum --- DFT --- Photostability --- silicon surfaces --- stereochemistry --- palladium --- distorted coordination --- ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy --- organosilicon --- disilanylene polymer --- Si–Cl activation --- adsorption --- AIM --- siliconoid --- nanoparticle --- disiloxane tetrols --- germylene --- hydrogen bonding --- TiO₂ --- dehydrogenative alkoxylation --- siloxanes --- 2-silylpyrrolidines --- bonding analysis --- ?-chloro-?-hydrooligosilane --- hydrido complex --- oxidative addition --- photoreaction --- template --- surface modification --- titanium --- bromosilylenes --- host-guest chemistry --- hydrogen bonds --- salt-free --- N-heterocyclic carbines --- silicon cluster --- condensation --- silyliumylidenes --- Baird’s rule --- N-heterocyclic carbenes --- reductant --- main group coordination chemistry --- molecular cage --- subvalent compounds --- isomerization --- silanetriols --- germathioacid chloride --- dehydrobromination --- N-heterocyclic carbene --- mechanistic insights --- ligand-exchange reaction --- bridging silylene ligand --- dye-sensitized solar cell --- silylene --- computation --- functionalization --- silicon --- digermene --- N-Heterocyclic tetrylene --- density functional theory --- primary silane --- small molecule activation --- excited state aromaticity --- germanethione --- supramolecular chemistry --- cluster --- molecular orbital analysis --- bond activation --- X-ray diffraction --- silsesquioxanes --- digermacyclobutadiene --- intermetallic bond --- germanium --- computational chemistry --- ?-electron systems --- isocyanide --- X-ray crystallography --- cyclic organopolysilane --- disilene --- ruthenium --- platinum --- DFT --- Photostability --- silicon surfaces --- stereochemistry --- palladium --- distorted coordination --- ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy --- organosilicon --- disilanylene polymer --- Si–Cl activation --- adsorption --- AIM --- siliconoid --- nanoparticle --- disiloxane tetrols --- germylene --- hydrogen bonding --- TiO₂ --- dehydrogenative alkoxylation --- siloxanes --- 2-silylpyrrolidines --- bonding analysis --- ?-chloro-?-hydrooligosilane --- hydrido complex --- oxidative addition --- photoreaction --- template --- surface modification --- titanium --- bromosilylenes --- host-guest chemistry --- hydrogen bonds --- salt-free --- N-heterocyclic carbines --- silicon cluster --- condensation --- silyliumylidenes --- Baird’s rule --- N-heterocyclic carbenes --- reductant --- main group coordination chemistry --- molecular cage --- subvalent compounds --- isomerization --- silanetriols --- germathioacid chloride --- dehydrobromination --- N-heterocyclic carbene --- mechanistic insights --- ligand-exchange reaction --- bridging silylene ligand --- dye-sensitized solar cell --- silylene --- computation --- functionalization --- silicon --- digermene --- N-Heterocyclic tetrylene --- density functional theory --- primary silane --- small molecule activation --- excited state aromaticity --- germanethione --- supramolecular chemistry

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Reprints of Polymers Special Issue entitled "Polymer films for photovoltaic applications", which covers all fields related to polymer films for photovoltaic applications, but special attention will be given to the following aspects:- The synthesis and suitable modification of polymer structure, to obtain polymer thin films for PV devices;- The influence of film deposition (thermal vacuum evaporation (TVE), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), spin coating, spray, etc.) on the properties of polymer films;- The thermo-optical properties of polymer thin films and blends of polymer films, as potential parts of PV systems;- The influence of doping or protonation of polymer thin films and blend polymer films on their properties;- Polymer thin films as active layers in PV solar cells—correlation of chemical structure and PV properties;- BHJ solar cells with polymer blends films—the choice of blend film composition to obtain the best PV parameters.

azomethines --- supramolecular organization --- organic thin films --- polymer:fullerene blends --- organic photovoltaics --- memory device --- organic semiconductors --- poly-N-epoxy-propylcarbazole --- tera-cyanoquino-dimethane --- CsPbBr3 perovskite QDs --- amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) --- light amplification --- surface passivation --- photostability --- 3D helicoidal architecture --- fiber-based polymer composite --- impact resistance --- lightweight photovoltaics (PV) --- integrated PV rooftop --- luminescent solar concentrator --- polymer matrix --- organic fluorophore --- intramolecular charge transfer --- light harvesting --- dye --- organic solar cells --- ellipsometry --- ternary organic films --- morphology examination --- micro --- perovskite --- solar cell --- 3D printing --- fused deposition modeling --- artificially light-harvesting --- luminescent solar concentrators --- molecular alignability prediction --- redirecting diffuse light --- polymer:fullerene blend films --- iodine doping --- annealing effect --- absorption edge parameters --- exciton bandwidth --- structural changes --- BHJ solar cells --- polymer --- bulk heterojunction --- PEDOT:PSS --- PTB7:PC70BM --- PFN-Br --- SCAPS 1D --- encapsulants for PV modules --- lamination process --- EVA --- POE --- power conversion efficiency --- hybrid perovskite --- tandem structure --- photovoltaics --- commercialization --- molecular modeling --- stretching process --- polymers --- mechanical deformation --- density functional theory --- crosslinking kinetics --- dynamic mechanical analysis --- activation energy --- indoloquinoxaline --- low-cost polymer donor --- wide-bandgap polymer --- polymer solar cells --- dye-sensitized solar cells --- redox mediator --- solid polymer electrolytes --- succinonitrile --- electrical conductivity --- bulk-heterojunction solar cells --- perovskite solar cells --- thin layers