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The languages belonging to the British subgroup of Celtic, i.e. Welsh, Cornish and Breton, have been the subject of thorough research for over a century now. Yet the phonological history of the prehistoric stages of these languages and the details of their connection with the other Celtic and Indo-European languages still present numerous unsolved issues. This volume aims to tackle the most acute problems of the historical phonology of British Celtic. Also it provides an up-to-date reference guide to British historical phonology in general, as well as a study of a large body of etymologies relevant to the correct evaluation of the historical phonology. This volume is of interest for the Celtologist, the Indo-Europeanist and the general historical linguist.
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The overall interpretation of Old Germanic phonology and morphology has much to gain from the recent and revolutionary views that were developed in its 'mother' discipline, Indo-European linguistics. For the first time, the Germanic Auslaut problem, i.e. the interpretation of the historical development of final syllables between Proto-Indo-European and Germanic, is analyzed against the background of the modern reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European. This especially entails new interpretations of various detail problems in the field of nominal and verbal morphology. Moreover, the traditional assumption of contrasting intonations yielding different inflexional endings (e.g. circumflex *-õm > Goth ??o?? , OHG -o in the _-stem genitive plural, but acute *-_m > Goth -a , OHG -a in the _-stem accusative singular) must be replaced by a theory that is in accordance with our present-day knowledge of Proto-Indo-European as a language that most probably did not display such contrasts. It is above all the interpretation of long vowels and diphthongs in Old Germanic final syllables that has given rise to a long discussion. After the standard theory, which entered most handbooks of Old Germanic linguistics, was established, it was proven to be unlikely by new investigations. Especially Lane, in his epoch-making article (JEGP 62, 1963: 155 ff), renewed the discussion and drew interesting conclusions. Studies by Antonsen, Beck, Kortlandt, Voyles and others (sometimes dealing with other subjects than Germanic Auslaut proper) also provide materials for a new theory. With respect to this 'long vowel problem', older theories (including the standard view) and modern ideas are discussed before a new interpretation is proposed. The evidence is discussed in the form of a historical overview of the nominal and verbal morphology of the Old Germanic dialects. This part of the book can therefore also be used as a reference guide in the field of historical morphology. This approach is adopted from a recent key-study in the field of Auslaut , viz. Jones' dissertation (1979, Chapell Hill). The growing interest in the relative chronology of Lautgesetze , - which was, for example, the theme of the Leiden Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft of 1986 -, is met with where a chronological order of the Auslautgesetze of the separate dialects is proposed. This part of the book may serve as a stimulus for the necessary discussion of the subject. See Less
Germanic languages --- Morphology. --- Phonology, Historical. --- Morphology. . --- Phonology, Historical. .
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English language --- Pronunciation. --- Phonology, Historical.
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Le français est une langue romane, c'est-à-dire une langue issue du latin qui s'implanta en Gaule au moment des conquêtes romaines. Mais alors que l'on n'éprouvera aucune difficulté à reconnaître d'emblée aux mots français porte, vent, une filiation aux mots latins portam, ventum, le lien entre cheveux et capillos, entre joie et gaudia est loin d'être aussi évident. Pourtant, dans chacun de ces cas, l'évolution du mot latin vers le mot français s'est faite avec la même régularité, en suivant des règles qu'il est possible de reconstruire. Ce sont ces règles, clés des mystères de l'évolution des mots français, qui sont exposées dans la présente Introduction à la phonétique historique du français. Ce manuel s'ouvre sur une introduction épistémologique et méthodologique, qui aborde le problème crucial des sources du savoir que nous pouvons avoir à l'heure actuelle dans le domaine des langues mortes ou des états de langue éteints, tout en adoptant un regard critique sur les principes généralement admis de la phonétique historique. Abordant ensuite l'évolution phonétique du latin vers le français de manière méthodique, en illustrant chaque règle d'exemples, cette Introduction met aussi l'accent, pour chaque situation phonétique étudiée, sur la ou les solutions graphiques adoptées par la langue française pour transposer son système phonétique en système graphique. La mise en parallèle des évolutions phonétique et graphique, ainsi que la production de nombreux exemples de graphies anciennes permettent ainsi de jeter un éclairage nouveau sur l'orthographe française, en retournant aux sources de ce qui fait sa complexité.
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