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Hannibal ad portas : Macht und Reichtum Karthagos.
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ISBN: 3937345000 3806218927 Year: 2004 Publisher: Stuttgart Theiss

Aegyptisches Kulturgut im phönikischen und punischen Sardinien
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ISBN: 9004071822 9004071830 9004071849 9004301372 9789004071827 Year: 1986 Volume: 102 Publisher: Leiden Brill, E. J.

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Abstract

From the early part of the first century BC, Egyptian cultural artefacts spread to an increasing degree into Palestine and Syria and (via the Greeks and Phoenicians) into the Greek, Italian and Western Phoenician spheres. Following a presentation of the Near Eastern background and a survey of Sardinian findspots, this work lists the types of monument found on Sardinia (from the 8th c. to the Roman period). In the case of both amulets (gods in human and animal form) and scarabs made if steatite and fayence an attempt is made, using a carefully developed typology (both of material and form) and other statistical criteria, to derive a characterisation of groups of differing origin (Egyptian, Eastern Phoenician, Punic). These objects reflect the expansion and adaptation of polupar Egyptian magic. Even the Egyptian motifs on hard-stone Punic scarabs and precious-metal artefacts have a religious significance, which is very closely related to Egyptian concepts. In the same way the Egyptian elements on Punic steles and portions of architecture underline their sacral character. This study pursues methodological goals using evidence from the whole of Mediterranean area.


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A Monetary and Political History of the Phoenician City of Byblos in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries B.C.E.
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 1575068893 9781575068893 1575063042 9781575063041 9781575063041 Year: 2021 Publisher: University Park, PA

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"In A Monetary and Political History of the Phoenician City of Byblos, the Elayis' tour de force is the coin catalog, which introduces 1,662 silver Byblian coins, also displayed in 25 pp. of photos. Besides the usual numismatic analysis (monetary production, number of issues, manufacturing techniques, and processes), this impressive volume provides information on monetary inscriptions and iconography and on the history of Byblos. Significantly, it reveals new information on the Persians' western policy and the history of the other Phoenician cities as well as on craftsmen in the Levant, and thus the book is an indispensable reference for understanding coin circulation, trading exchanges, and even the wars that occurred with the Greeks, Cypriots, and Egyptians in the Phoenician eastern Mediterranean"--Provided by publisher.

Keywords

Money --- Coins, Phoenician --- Phoenician coins --- Currency --- Monetary question --- Money, Primitive --- Specie --- Standard of value --- Exchange --- Finance --- Value --- Banks and banking --- Coinage --- Currency question --- Gold --- Silver --- Silver question --- Wealth --- History. --- Byblos (Extinct city) --- Lebanon --- Economic conditions. --- Politics and government. --- Antiquities --- Numismatics, Phoenician. --- Monnaies phéniciennes --- Inscriptions phéniciennes --- Art, Phoenician. --- History, Military. --- Monnaies phéniciennes --- Inscriptions phéniciennes --- Münze --- Phöniker --- Politics and government --- Numismatics, Phoenician --- Inscriptions, Phoenician --- Economic history --- Art, Phoenician --- Inscriptions, Phoenician. --- Phoenician numismatics --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Economics --- Inscriptions, Phenician --- Phoenician inscriptions --- Art, Phenician --- Phoenician art --- Byblos. --- Liban --- République libanaise --- Libanon --- Lubnān --- Libanan --- Livan --- Mont-Liban (Turkey : Mutaṣarrifīyah) --- Jabal Lubnān (Turkey : Mutaṣarrifīyah) --- Levanon --- Líbano --- Livanos --- Grand Lebanon --- Grand Liban --- Lebanese Republic --- Jumhūrīyah al Lubnānīyah --- Jumhouriya al-Lubnaniya --- Republic of Lebanon --- لبنان --- جمهورية اللبنانية --- Ліван --- Ліванская Рэспубліка --- Livanskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Ливан --- Република Ливан --- Republika Livan --- Λίβανος --- Δημοκρατία του Λιβάνου --- Dēmokratia tou Livanou --- Jumhūrīyyah al-Lubnānīyyah --- 레바논 --- לבנון --- רפובליקה הלבנונית --- Republiḳah ha-Levanonit --- Либан --- Либанска Република --- Libanska Republika --- レバノン --- Rebanon --- レバノン共和国 --- Rebanon Kyōwakoku --- Ливанская Республика --- Республіка Ліван --- Respublika Livan --- Ліванська Республика --- Livansʹka Respublyka --- Levonen --- 黎巴嫩 --- Libanen --- Phönizier --- Phönikier --- Phönikien --- Metallgeld --- Münzen --- Geld --- Medaille --- Numismatik --- Middle East --- Gubla --- Gebal --- Gĕval --- Byblus --- Djubail --- Phönizier --- Phönikier --- Phönikien

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