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This textbook provides a fresh, comprehensive and accessible introduction to the rapidly expanding field of molecular pharmacology. Adopting a drug target-based, rather than the traditional organ/system based, approach this innovative guide reflects the current advances and research trend towards molecular based drug design, derived from a detailed understanding of chemical responses in the body. Drugs are then tailored to fit a treatment profile, rather than the traditional method of 'trial and error' drug discovery which focuses on testing chemicals on animals or cell cultures and matching their effects to treatments. Providing an invaluable resource for advanced under-graduate and MSc/PhD students, new researchers to the field and practitioners for continuing professional development, Molecular Pharmacology explores; recent advances and developments in the four major human drug target families (G-protein coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear receptors and transporters), cloning of drug targets, transgenic animal technology, gene therapy, pharmacogenomics and looks at the role of calcium in the cell. Current - focuses on cutting edge techniques and approaches, including new methods to quantify biological activities in different systems and ways to interpret and understand pharmacological data. Cutting Edge - highlights advances in pharmacogenomics and explores how an individual's genetic makeup influences their response to therapeutic drugs and the potential for harmful side effects. Applied - includes numerous, real-world examples and a detailed case-study based chapter which looks at current and possible future treatment strategies for cystic fibrosis. This case study considers the relative merits of both drug therapy for specific classes of mutation and gene therapy to correct the underlying defect. Accessible - contains a comprehensive glossary, suggestions for further reading at the end of each chapter and an associated website that provides a complete set of figures from within the book.

Pharmacogenetics.

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Pharmacogenetics.

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Les épilepsies sont des pathologies multifactorielles dont tous les mécanismes ne sont pas encore connus. Le traitement de première intention est la médication, mais cette dernière présente beaucoup de limites, principalement ses effets indésirables et la résistance au traitement. Depuis quelques années, une approche pharrnacogénomique tente de mieux comprendre ces limitations. Certaines corrélations ont été établies entre des variations génétiques et les effets secondaires de la prise d'antiépileptiques. Par exemple, les guidelines actuelles recommandent aux patients issus de ramilles asiatiques avec un haut risque de présence de l'allèle HLA-8*15:02 (p. ex : Han chinois,Vietnamiens ...)la détection decelui-ciavant un traitement à la carbamazépine, la lamotrigine et la phénytoïne.Une mise en garde a été aussi instaurée pour les personnes possédant les polymorphismes *2 et *3 du CYP2C9 lors d'un traitement à la phénytoïne. Il existe également des biomarqueurs génétiques permettantde comprendre plus en profondeurles mécanismes de la résistance médicamenteuse, comme les mutations des pompes à efflux ou la mutation du gène SCN1A, entre autres.En pratique, la pharrnacogénomique reste cependant trop peu utilisée, à cause notamment de sa complexité ainsi que d'un manque de recul et de données cliniques à large échelle. L'avenir de la pharrnacogénomique dans le traitement des épilepsies réside dans de nouvelles recherches et des recommandations plus précises de la part des sociétés scientifiques.Si ces conditions sont rencontrées, elle pourra se révéler essentielle pour permettre une meilleure compréhension et prise en charge des épilepsies et ainsi améliorer significativement le quotidien des patients. Epilepsies are multifactorial pathologies, the mechanisms of which are not known yet. Antiepileptic drug is the first intention treatment but still suffers from many limits, which are mainly its undesirable effects and its treatment resistance. For a few years, a pharmacogenomics approach has been being developed to “shedding light on the shadows of epilepsies”. Correlations have been established between genetic variations and side effects of antiepileptic intake. For instance, current guidelines recommends that patients belonging to Asian families with high risk of being positive for HLA-B*15:02 allele (e.g. Han Chinese, Vietnamese…) should test for the latter before being treated using carbamazepine, lamotrigine or phenytoin. Moreover, people having, people having CYP2C9*2/*3 polymorphisms should also be particularly cautious when being treated using phenytoin. Additionally, genetic biomarkers allow for understanding better drug resistance mechanisms, such as efflux pimp mutations or SCN1A gene mutations, among other things. In practice, pharmacogenomics stay however very seldom used, especially due to its complexity, as well as a lack of insight and a lack of large-scale clinical data. The future pf pharmacogenomics in epilepsy treatment lies in the development of further research and more accurate recommendations by scientific societies. If this is achieved, pharmacogenomics should prove yon r essential for a better understanding and a better support of epilepsies, as well as for significantly improving patient’s daily life.

Pharmacogenetics --- Epilepsy

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Pharmacogenetics --- Pharmacogenetics. --- Pharmacology --- Biochemical genetics --- Genetic aspects

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Pharmacogenetics --- Pharmacogenomics --- Pharmacogenetics. --- Drugs --- Pharmacogenomics. --- Design.