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Pflicht. --- Panaetius, --- Cicero, Marcus Tullius,

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Understanding Institutions proposes a new unified theory of social institutions that combines the best insights of philosophers and social scientists who have written on this topic. Francesco Guala presents a theory that combines the features of three influential views of institutions: as equilibria of strategic games, as regulative rules, and as constitutive rules. Guala explains key institutions like money, private property, and marriage, and develops a much-needed unification of equilibrium- and rules-based approaches. Although he uses game theory concepts, the theory is presented in a simple, clear style that is accessible to a wide audience of scholars working in different fields. Outlining and discussing various implications of the unified theory, Guala addresses venerable issues such as reflexivity, realism, Verstehen, and fallibilism in the social sciences. He also critically analyses the theory of "looping effects" and "interactive kinds" defended by Ian Hacking, and asks whether it is possible to draw a demarcation between social and natural science using the criteria of causal and ontological dependence. Focusing on current debates about the definition of marriage, Guala shows how these abstract philosophical issues have important practical and political consequences. Moving beyond specific cases to general models and principles, Understanding Institutions offers new perspectives on what institutions are, how they work, and what they can do for us. -- Provided by publisher.

Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Social psychology --- Anreiz. --- Geld. --- Koordination. --- Pflicht. --- Recht. --- Social institutions. --- Social interaction. --- Strategisches Spiel. --- Wert. --- Social institutions --- Social interaction --- Political science --- Philosophy --- Political science - Philosophy

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"Recent developments have caused important changes in the IT industry: while being considered comparatively resistant to international relocation of jobs for a long time, the IT industry's landscape has changed a lot in the course of the 1990s, when IT companies started to make use of low-wage destinations and integrated them in globally distributed workflows. According to many authors the internationalisation of the IT industry does not only put jobs in high-wage countries into jeopardy, but also formalizes and standardizes the working processes, thus significantly limiting the employees' task discretion. Drawing upon case studies in the Indian subsidiaries of two transnationally operating IT companies, the presented study critically questions this prognosis. The results clearly show that the forms of work organisation and control in the IT industry do not develop homogeneously or uniformly in the course of internationalization. Instead, it is possible to identify specific modes of reorganization that are shaped by varying patterns of internationalization, on the one hand, and the institutional settings of the offshore destinations, on the other hand." Arbeit in den Bereichen Softwareentwicklung und IT-Dienstleistungen galt lange Zeit als weitgehend resistent gegen die internationale Verlagerung. Doch spätestens seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre hat sich das Bild grundsätzlich gewandelt und auch in diesem Bereich der Wirtschaft begannen Unternehmen, ihre Produktion zunehmend zu internationalisieren. Der Internationalisierung wird in der Folge zugeschrieben, die Formen der Arbeitsorganisation und -kontrolle in dieser Branche grundsätzlich zu verändern, da die globale Verlagerung von Arbeitsprozessen deren zunehmende Standardisierung und Formalisierung nach sich ziehe und damit die Arbeit der IT-Beschäftigten in wesentlich direkterer Form der Kontrolle durch das Management unterwerfe. Entgegen dieser Prognose zeigt die vorliegende Arbeit unter Rückgriff auf zwei Fallstudien in transnational operierenden IT-Unternehmen, dass sich in der IT-Industrie im Zuge der Internationalisierung weniger einheitliche Tendenzen der Arbeitsorganisation und -kontrolle durchsetzen. Vielmehr setzen sich unterschiedliche Reorganisationsmodi von Arbeit durch, die mit unterschiedlichen Folgen für die Arbeitssituation der Beschäftigten einhergehen und von dem dynamischen Wechselspiel zwischen variierenden Internationalisierungswegen innerhalb der IT-Industrie und den institutionellen Gegebenheiten der Offshore-Standorte geprägt sind.

Globalization. --- International organization. --- Offshore outsourcing. --- Information technology. --- Social Science --- IT industries --- Offshoring --- Arbeitsmarkt --- Aufgabe (Pflicht) --- Fluktuation --- Indien --- Informationstechnik --- IT-Dienstleistung --- Manager (Wirtschaft) --- Projektleiter --- Software

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Classical Latin literature --- Ethics, Ancient. --- Morale ancienne --- Ethics --- Duty --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Morale ancienne. --- Literatura latina. --- Filosofia antiga. --- Moral. --- Ética. --- Pflicht. --- Politics --- Ciceronis, Marcus Tulli. --- Ethics. --- Ethics - Early works to 1800.

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La Belgique compte autant de statuts que d’autorités administratives (fédérales, régionales, communautaires, communales…). Ce livre analyse dans le détail, au départ du statut des agents fédéraux, les différentes étapes qui constituent le dénominateur commun du droit belge de la fonction publique (recrutement, évaluation, discipline, droits et devoirs des agents…) au regard des règles nationales et européennes.

Belgique --- Fonctionnaires --- Fonction publique --- Civil service --- fonction publique --- administration publique --- statut du fonctionnaire --- droits du fonctionnaire --- devoirs du fonctionnaire --- BPB9999 --- државна администрација --- valstybės valdymas --- hatóság --- P.A. --- státní správa --- viešasis administravimas --- general government --- Behörde --- riigihaldus --- органи на јавната администрација --- kormányhivatalok --- orgány státní správy --- државна управа --- qeveri e përgjithshme --- riiklikud haldusorganid --- јавна администрација --- viešasis valdymas --- amministrazzjoni pubblika --- offentlig forvaltning --- pubblica amministrazione --- administración pública --- јавна управа --- overheidsadministratie --- public administration --- valsts pārvalde --- veřejná správa --- riarachán poiblí --- offentlig förvaltning --- administratë publike --- administrație publică --- javna uprava --- administracja publiczna --- държавна администрация --- öffentliche Verwaltung --- közigazgatás --- administração pública --- štátna správa --- δημόσια διοίκηση --- avalik haldus --- julkinen hallinto --- neutraliteitsplicht --- obbligo del funzionario --- neutralitetsforpligtelse --- povinnost nestranného přístupu --- povinnost mlčenlivosti --- skyldighet att förhålla sig opartisk --- obligación de reserva --- obbligo di neutralità --- szolgálati titok megőrzése --- obligații morale --- obligation de moralité --- ierēdņa ētikas principi --- opfyldelse af vandelskrav --- devoir de réserve --- обврски на државните службеници --- морални обврски --- υποχρεώσεις του υπαλλήλου --- moraaliset velvoitteet --- detyrim për t'u bindur --- povinnost zachovávat zákony a ostatní právní předpisy --- doroviniai įsipareigojimai --- detyrime morale --- bezúhonnost --- υποχρέωση ουδετερότητας --- obligation du fonctionnaire --- deber de obediencia --- verplichting tot terughoudendheid --- obligaciones del funcionario --- dovere di riserva --- loajalita --- pienākums pildīt rīkojumus --- obveza državnih službenika --- Gehorsamspflicht --- povinnost nepřijímat dary --- moraalsed kohustused --- Neutralitätspflicht --- moralna odgovornost državnih službenika --- valdininkų pareigos --- moral obligations --- deber de reserva --- υποχρέωση υπακοής --- moraliniai įsipareigojimai --- pareiga paklusti --- obrigações do funcionário --- zedelijkheidsplicht --- kuuletumiskohustus --- utasítás végrehajtásának kötelezettsége --- dovere di esecuzione --- utasíthatóság --- virkamiesten velvoitteet --- obligación de moralidad --- heder och vandel --- štátnozamestnanecké povinnosti --- deber de discreción --- detyrime të nëpunësve civilë --- povinnosť poslušnosti --- ierēdņa saistības --- verplichtingen van de ambtenaar --- obligation de neutralité --- obbligo di moralità --- morálne záväzky --- pligt til tilbageholdenhed --- velvollisuus totella --- υποχρέωση διακριτικότητας --- gehoorzaamheidsplicht --- devoir d'obéissance --- pártatlanság --- lydnadsplikt --- lydighedspligt --- obligations of civil servants --- tarnautojų priedermės --- Zurückhaltungspflicht --- υποχρέωση ηθικής συμπεριφοράς --- Pflicht zu guter Führung --- obligación de neutralidad --- duty to obey --- deveres do funcionário --- povinnosti štátnych zamestnancov --- καθήκοντα του υπαλλήλου --- civildienesta ierēdņu pienākumi --- plichten van de ambtenaar --- dualgais státseirbhíseach --- дужности државних службеника --- detyra të nëpunësve civilë --- Beamtenpflichten --- virkamiesten velvollisuudet --- dmirijiet tal-impjegati taċ-ċivil --- duties of civil servants --- tjenestemandens pligter --- riigiteenistujate kohustused --- tjänstemannaplikter --- valstybės tarnautojų pareigos --- funcționar public îndatoriri --- doveri del funzionario --- dužnosti državnih službenika --- dolžnosti javnih uslužbencev --- köztisztviselő kötelezettségei --- povinnosti úředníka --- obowiązki urzędnika państwowego --- задължения на държавния служител --- deberes del funcionario --- должности на државните службеници --- virkamiesten oikeudet --- valstybės tarnautojų teisės --- práva štátnych zamestnancov --- tjänstemäns rättigheter --- prawa urzędnika państwowego --- drittijiet tal-impjegati taċ-ċivili --- права на државните службеници --- prava državnih službenika --- práva úředníka --- rechten van de ambtenaar --- köztisztviselők jogai --- Beamtenrechte --- civildienesta ierēdņu tiesības --- pravice javnih uslužbencev --- права државних службеника --- diritti del funzionario --- права на държавни служители --- direitos do funcionário --- derechos del funcionario --- rights of civil servants --- δικαιώματα του υπαλλήλου --- cearta státseirbhíseach --- tjenestemandens rettigheder --- funcționar public drepturi --- të drejta të nëpunësve civilë --- riigiteenistujate õigused --- законодавство за државни службеници --- правни акти за државни службеници --- valstybės tarnautojų nuostatai --- Закон за државни службеници --- köztisztviselők jogállása --- köztisztviselő törvény --- Estatuto de la función pública --- δημοσιοϋπαλληλικός κώδικας --- predpisy pre štátnych zamestnancov --- funcționar public statut --- прописи о јавним службеницима --- Estatuto de los funcionarios --- tjenestemandsvedtægt --- regulations for civil servants --- rialacháin do státseirbhísigh --- propisi o državnim službenicima --- riigiteenistujate eeskirjad --- köztisztviselők jogállására vonatkozó szabályok --- прописи за државни службеници --- статут на държавния служител --- υπηρεσιακή κατάσταση δημοσίου υπαλλήλου --- predpisi o javnih uslužbencih --- estatuto do funcionário --- viešojo sektoriaus institucija --- rregulla për nëpunës civilë --- tjänstemannaföreskrifter --- statuut van de ambtenaar --- statuto dei funzionari --- Beamtenstatut --- virkamiehiin sovellettavat henkilöstösäännöt --- status urzędnika państwowego --- regolamenti għall-impjegati taċ-ċivil --- statut úředníka --- ierēdņu dienesta nolikums --- offentligt ansatte --- државна служба --- pubblico impiego --- staatsdienst --- javna služba --- função pública --- civil service --- iċ-ċivil/servizz pubbliku --- verejné služby --- służba państwowa --- funcție publică --- overheidsapparaat --- riigiteenistus --- funzione pubblica --- δημοσιοϋπαλληλικός κλάδος --- tjenestemandsordning --- държавна служба --- státseirbhís --- offentligt anställda tjänstemän --- јавна служба --- közszolgálat --- državna služba --- función pública --- veřejná funkce --- öffentlicher Dienst --- valstybės tarnyba --- virkamieskunta --- shërbim civil --- civildienests --- E-books --- BPB2301 --- STRADALEX --- droit de l'UE --- pravo EU-a --- ES tiesības --- право ЕУ --- pravo EU --- prawo unijne --- EU-ret --- δίκαιο της ΕΕ --- právo EU --- EU law --- dlí an Aontais Eorpaigh --- diritto dell'UE --- e drejta e BE-së --- uniós jog --- Derecho de la UE --- unionin oikeus --- EU-Recht --- EU-recht --- ES teisė --- právo EÚ --- legislația UE --- direito da UE --- право на ЕУ --- EU-rätt --- ELi õigus --- liġi tal-UE --- право на ЕС --- pravo Europske unije --- právo Spoločenstva --- normativa comunitaria --- drept comunitar --- diritto europeo --- e drejtë e Bashkimit Europian --- droit de l'Union européenne --- право на Европската заедница --- κοινοτικό δίκαιο --- droit européen --- evropské právo --- réglementation communautaire --- EG-förordningar --- pravo Evropske unije --- direito da União Europeia --- Europos Sąjungos teisė --- uniós jogszabályok --- Euroopa Liidu õigus --- Kopienas noteikumi --- europeisk rätt --- communautaire wetgeving --- Community law --- drept european --- Eurooppa-oikeus --- δίκαιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης --- nariadenia Spoločenstva --- legislația Uniunii Europene --- právo Evropské unie --- reglementări comunitare --- Euroopa Ühenduse õigus --- regulamentação comunitária --- prawo Unii Europejskiej --- közösségi jogszabályok --- Community regulations --- fællesskabsbestemmelser --- ευρωπαϊκό Δίκαιο --- právo ES --- European Union law --- Derecho comunitario --- európai uniós jogszabályok --- liġi tal-Unjoni Ewropea --- communautair recht --- yhteisön asetukset --- közösségi rendeletek --- gemenskapsrätt --- az Európai Unió joga --- Derecho europeo --- регулативи на Заедницата --- europsko pravo --- droit communautaire --- direito comunitário --- európai jog --- diritto comunitario --- legislazione comunitaria --- право на ЕЗ --- recht van de Europese Unie --- fællesskabsregler --- Europäisches Recht --- Recht der Europäischen Union --- Bendrijos teisė --- közösségi jog --- EU-jog --- Eiropas Savienības tiesības --- právo Unie --- Derecho de la Unión Europea --- Euroopan unionin oikeus --- право Заједнице --- Gesetzgebung der Gemeinschaft --- EF-ret --- pravo Zajednice --- prawo wspólnotowe --- yhteisön oikeus --- fællesskabsret --- norme comunitarie --- право на Европските заедници --- EG-rätt --- Europees recht --- communautaire voorschriften --- direito europeu --- европско право --- právo Európskej únie --- Право на Общността --- disposizioni comunitarie --- κοινοτική νομοθεσία --- reglamentación comunitaria --- Gemeinschaftsrecht --- право на Европейския съюз --- komunitární právo --- az EU joga --- Kopienas tiesības --- Bendrijos reglamentai --- regolamentazione comunitaria --- európske právo --- communautaire rechtsorde --- legislativa EU --- European law --- право на Европската Унија --- pravo Skupnosti --- Euroopa õigus --- EU:n oikeus --- ühenduse õigus --- diritto dell'Unione europea --- право Уније --- EG-recht --- pravni propisi Europske unije --- Europos teisė --- Droit européen --- Droit européen et droit interne