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Le terme de " perspectivisme " a récemment fait l'objet d'un réinvestissement théorique massif dans le champ de la philosophie ainsi que dans divers sous-champs des sciences humaines. Cependant, il n'est pas sûr que la notion y ait gagné en précision : au contraire, il semble qu'un simple effet d'homonymie lie désormais entre elles les différentes théories qui revendiquent cette appellation - ce qui obscurcit profondément la portée des débats qui portent sur cette question et animent depuis une vingtaine d'années la pensée contemporaine.Cet ouvrage propose une synthèse de ces questions qui à la fois présente l'état des discussions en la matière et clarifie les enjeux conceptuels qui les sous-tendent. Les différentes contributions cherchent ainsi à rendre compte de divers systèmes métaphysiques, dans l'histoire de la philosophie continentale ou analytique, afin de clarifier le sens qu'y endossent les notions de " perspective " et de " point de vue ".

Perspectivisme. --- Perspective (Philosophy)

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Meaning (Philosophy). --- Perspective (Philosophy).

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Die Untersuchung zeigt auf, warum das Perspektivitätsphänomen ein unaufhebbares Urphänomen ist, das auf apriorische Weise alle menschlichen Sinnbildungsanstrengungen strukturiert. Der Perspektivitätsbegriff wird dabei so bestimmt, dass mit ihm alle Faktoren erfasst werden können, die Einfluss darauf nehmen, dass wir Sachverhalte nie objektiv und in ihrer Gänze, sondern immer nur perspektivisch von einer bestimmten Position aus und hinsichtlich bestimmter Aspekte wahrnehmen. Aus den Erscheinungsformen der Perspektivität in der Malerei werden Kriterien für die Beschreibung der Perspektivitätsproblematik in Denk- und Sprachformen abgeleitet. Eine ähnlich weit gespannte Untersuchung zu sprachlichen Perspektivitätsphänomenen, die sich von grammatischen Zeichen bis zu Textmustern erstreckt, gibt es bisher nicht. Das Werk ist insbesondere für Sprachwissenschaftler, Philosophen und Kulturwissenschaftler von Interesse.

Perspective (Linguistics) --- Perspective (Philosophy)

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Perspectivism: A Contribution to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences advances the philosophy of perspectivism, showing how its capacity to assess competing views of a particular concept by approaching them as different 'sides' of a multi-dimensional object supports a concept of 'adequate' rather than 'absolute' truth. Presenting four case studies - of the social scientific concepts of power, equality, crime, and sex and gender - Smith demonstrates the manner in which the perspectivist approach does not take all differing views of a concept to be equally good, but views all perspectives taken together as contributing towards the best that we can know about any given concept at the present time. An exposition and analysis of the means by which perspectivism allows for truth and objectivity in the social sciences, this volume will appeal to scholars of philosophy and across the social sciences with interests in questions of epistemology and research methodology.

Social sciences --- Perspective (Philosophy) --- Philosophy.

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Perspective taking is a critical component of approaches to literature and narrative, but there is no coherent, broadly applicable, and process-based account of what it is and how it occurs. This book provides a multidisciplinary coverage of the topic, weaving together key insights from different disciplines into a comprehensive theory of perspective taking in literature and in life. The essential insight is that taking a perspective requires constructing an analogy between one's own personal knowledge and experience and that of the perspective taking target. This analysis is used to reassess a broad swath of research in mind reading and literary studies. It develops the dynamics of how analogy is used in perspective taking and the challenges that must be overcome under some circumstances. New empirical evidence is provided in support of the theory, and numerous examples from popular and literary fiction are used to illustrate the concepts. This title is part of the Flip it Open programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.

Literature --- Perspective (Philosophy) --- Analogy. --- Psychology.