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During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, in the midst of an international florescence of drama, the English and Spanish theaters displayed striking and unique similarities. Although these two national theaters developed in relative isolation from each other, in both countries the plays synthesized native popular traditions and neoclassical learned conventions, a synthesis found neither in the more elite Italian and French drama of the time nor in any other European drama before or since. In Drama of a Nation, Walter Cohen illuminates the causes of this significant parallel development.Working from a Marxist perspective, Cohen seeks to establish correlations among individual plays, dramatic genres, theatrical institutions, cultural milieus, and political and economic systems. He argues that the drama owed its distinctiveness to the public theaters, especially of London and Madrid, which opened in the 1570s and closed, under government order, seventy years later. Both drama and theater in turn depended on a relative cultural homogeneity perpetuated by a state that primarily served the aristocracy. Absolutism, he maintains, first fostered and then undermined the public theater.
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Possessing only quasi-amateur standing in the early 1500s, London's adult professional theater troupes became the basis for an enterprise that by the end of the century was to provide livelihoods for many stage players and businessmen and their families. William Ingram here reconstructs the economic and social history of this remarkable growth through the eyes of the participants themselves-actors, managers, and entrepreneurs, including such important figures as Jerome Savage, John Brayne, Henry Laneman, and James Burbage.
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This witty, informed, and concise introduction to the principles of drama helps us to experience the pleasure of plays from Oedipus Rex to Endgame. Never losing sight of the interaction between play and spectator, Bert O. States provides a spirited view of works by Shakespeare, Ibsen, Chekhov, Pinter, Brecht, Beckett, Stoppard, Churchill, and many others.
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In a significant reinterpretation of early Romanticism, Judith Pascoe shows how English literary culture in the 1790s came to be shaped by the theater and by the public's fascination with theater. Pascoe focuses on a number of intriguing historical occurrences of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, emphasizing how writers in all areas of public life relied upon theatrical modes of self-representation. Pascoe adduces as evidence the theatrical posturing of the Della Cruscan poets, the staginess of the Marie Antoinette depicted in women's poetry, and the histrionic maneuverings of participants in the 1794 treason trials. Such public events as the treason trials also linked the newly powerful role of female theatrical spectator to that of political spectator. New forms of self representation and dramatization arose from that synthesis.In their uniting of theatrical and literary realms, Pascoe maintains, women writers were inspired by the most famous actress of the era, Sarah Siddons. Siddons's shrewd deployment of her private life in the construction of her public persona serves as a model for such disparate poets as Charlotte Smith and Mary Robinson.
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An abundance of rich and memorable female roles is one of the most striking features of turn-of-the-century European drama. Gail Finney traces the source of this phenomenon to large-scale upheavals in prevailing contemporary attitudes toward women. She cites two major developments in particular: the culmination in the years 1880-1920 of the first feminist movement; and Freud's formulation of his theories of sexuality, which emphasize differences between the sexes. Taking into account these strong, sometimes conflicting intellectual currents, Women in Modern Drama explores the dynamics of gender identity and family relationships in major plays by European make dramatists, including Ibsen, Strindberg, Shaw, Wilde, Schnitzler, Synge, Hofmannsthal, Wedekind, and Hauptmann.
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The fantasy of a sculpture that moves, speaks;or responds, a statue that comes to life as an oracle, lover, avenger, mocker, or monster-few images are more familiar or seductive. The living statue appears in ancient creation narratives, the myths of Pygmalion and Don Juan, lyric poetry from the Greek Anthology to Rilke, and romantic fairy tales; it is a recurrent theme in ballet and opera, in philosophy, psychoanalysis, and film. What does it mean for the statue that stands immobile in gallery or square to step down from its pedestal or speak out of its silence? What is it in this fantasy that animates us?Kenneth Gross explores the implications of fictive statues in biblical and romantic narrative; in the poetry of Ovid, Michelangelo, Blake, Rilke, and Stevens; in the drama of Shakespeare; in the writings of Freud and Wittgenstein. He also considers their place in the poetry of such contemporaries as Richard Howard and the films of Charlie Chaplin, Frarn;ois Truffaut, and Peter Greenaway. In the motif of the moving statue, we can see how the reciprocal ambitions of writing and sculpture play off each other, often producing deeply paradoxical figures of life and voice, Stories of the living statue point to the uncertain ways in which our desires, fantasies, and memories are bound to the realm of unliving objects. Clarifying the sources of our fascination with real and imaginary statues, this book asks us to reconsider some of our most basic assumptions about the uses of fantasy and fiction.Eloquent and evocative, The Dream of the Moving Statue will capture and hold a wide audience.
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Professor States provides nothing less than a new theory of the drama based upon the principles of irony and dialectic. Very close in approach to the Continental structuralists, he treats irony, not as a literary device or as an attitude in the mind of the playgoer, but as a means of confronting reality-a way of testing and resolving conflicting ideas. Pointing out the limitations of conventional categories such as comedy, tragedy, and tragicomedy, he views drama instead as a vehicle for perceiving and ordering the possibilities of human experience.After setting forth his thesis boldly and persuasively, Professor States explores other mod es such as the epic and the lyric and shows how they interact with the dramatic principle. He manages to cover, in a minimum amount of space, the entire range of dramatic styles and periods, placing special emphasis on playwrights of universal appeal like Sophocles, Shakespeare, Chekhov, Ibsen, Shaw, and Beckett.
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What was Shakespeare? For Edward Pechter, the question does not concern the time-worn mystery of identity—whether the Bard was the glover's son from Stratford or the Earl of Oxford or any of the other pretenders. Instead, Pechter examines how our talk about the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries has changed since the 1960s. Viewing today's critical scene with affectionate humor and dauntless penetration, Pechter assesses the problems, the disagreements, the disruptions, and the continuities that have accompanied the reign of poststructuralism.
Medieval & Renaissance Studies. --- Performing Arts & Drama.
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Mihai Spariosu here explores the significance of the closely linked concepts of play and aestheticism in philosophical and scientific discourse since the end of the eighteenth century. Spariosu points out that since its birth in archaic and classical Hellenic thought the concept of play has always been subject to the influences of various rational and prerational sets of values. Spariosu maintains that there have been not one but two major modern concepts of aestheticism: artistic aestheticism, related to a prerational mentality and introduced in modern thought by Schopenhauer and Nietzsche; and philosophicalscientific aestheticism, initiated by Kant and Schiller and shaped by rationalism. According to Spariosu, the first has often arisen in response to the attempts of philosophy and science to impose their standards on art, and the second has often been called on to deal with the epistemological crises that periodically shake these disciplines. Spariosu also looks closely at some of the play concepts that surface in modern science in connection with the Darwinian theory of evolution and the play of scientific discourse itself, as exemplified by the new physics and the contemporary philosophy of science.A penetrating and cogently argued book, Dionysus Reborn will be welcomed by readers interested in Continental philosophy, scientific discourse, and the aesthetics of play, including literary theorists, comparatists, philosophers, intellectual historians, and social scientists.
Aesthetics, Modern. --- Play (Philosophy) --- Science --- Ancient History & Classical Studies. --- Performing Arts & Drama. --- History. --- Philosophy
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Using examples ranging from nineteenth-century Viennese comedy to Friedrich Dürrenmatt's atomic-age theater, Benjamin Bennett explores what is at stake in the theory of drama; what sort of questioning makes up that theory; and in what direction such questioning leads.Bennett takes as his starting point the inescapably literary nature of theater in the European tradition, theater in its most concrete dimensions: as an institution, as a tradition of ritual or stylized behavior, as a particular type of physical space, as an economic venture. He maintains that, precisely because of its radical categorical disjunction from the domain of the literary, theater in the European tradition has been appropriated as the principal vehicle by which literature repeatedly problematizes itself. Theater, he says, is "the church of literature." Although he is concerned with drama as a literary type, therefore, Bennett does not treat the theory of drama as part of the theory of literature. For the special relation of drama to literature calls into question the whole idea of literary theory as a stable discourse divisible into parts.Bennett considers plays by Nestroy, Schnitzler, Ibsen, Strindberg, Brecht, Ionesco, Genet, Pirandello, Artaud, and Dürrenmatt. He focuses on such theoretical issues as the idea of generic boundaries; the relation between drama and the culture of reading; the relevance between drama and the culture of reading; the relevance of hermeneutic and semiotic views of literature to drama; and the operation of fascism as a literary phenomenon. In conclusion, he frames a problem that his readings have brought to light: at least two separate historical accounts of modern drama are necessary-theories that imply each other, yet remain irreconcilable.
Drama --- Drama. --- Theater. --- Literary Studies. --- Performing Arts & Drama. --- History and criticism.
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