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Book
Subjective Economic Welfare
Authors: ---
Year: 1999 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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Abstract

April 1999 - As conventionally measured, current household income relative to a poverty line can only partially explain how Russian adults perceive their economic welfare. Other factors include past incomes, individual incomes, household consumption, current unemployment, risk of unemployment, health status, education, and relative income in the area of residence. Paradoxically, when economists analyze a policy's impact on welfare they typically assume that people are the best judges of their own welfare, yet resist directly asking them if they are better off. Early ideas of utility were explicitly subjective, but modern economists generally ignore people's expressed views about their own welfare. Even using a broad set of conventional socioeconomic data may not reflect well people's subjective perceptions of their poverty. Ravallion and Lokshin examine the determinants of subjective economic welfare in Russia, including its relationship to conventional objective indicators. For data on subjective perceptions, they use survey responses in which respondents rate their level of welfare from poor to rich on a nine-point ladder. As an objective indicator of economic welfare, they use the most common poverty indicator in Russia today, in which household incomes are deflated by household-specific poverty lines. They find that Russian adults with higher family income per equivalent adult are less likely to place themselves on the lowest rungs of the subjective ladder and more likely to put themselves on the upper rungs. But current household income does not explain well self-reported assessments of whether someone is poor or rich. Expanding the set of variables to include incomes at different dates, expenditures, educational attainment, health status, employment, and average income in the area of residence doubles explanatory power. Healthier and better educated adults with jobs perceive themselves to be better off, controlling for income. The unemployed view their welfare as lower, even with full income replacement. Individual income matters independent of per capita household income. Relative income also matters. Living in a richer area lowers perceived economic welfare, controlling for income and other factors. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to better understand the relationship between objective and subjective economic welfare. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Policies for Poor Areas (RPO 681-39). The authors may be contacted at mravallion@worldbank.org or mlokshin@worldbank.org.


Book
Pensions complémentaires professionnelles
Author:
ISBN: 9782807924314 280792431X Year: 2020 Publisher: Bruxelles Larcier

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Depuis la première édition de cet ouvrage, en 2014, beaucoup d’initiatives législatives touchant les pensions complémentaires professionnelles ont vu le jour, tant sur le plan européen que national. Comme le renouvellement de la réglementation de contrôle des organismes de pension (entreprises d’assurances et institutions de retraite professionnelle), le traitement des pensions complémentaires des agents contractuels des services publics, la révision des conditions de la garantie de rendement des engagements de pension de travailleurs salariés, la résorption progressive des différences de traitement entre ouvriers et employés. L’accès des affiliés à leurs données de pension légale et complémentaire via Mypension.be a été réalisé. Sont à souligner la généralisation des pensions complémentaires dites du second pilier et l’accentuation de leur caractère professionnel.Le paysage des pensions complémentaires professionnelles s’est complété par la pension libre complémentaire des travailleurs indépendants opérant en personne physique (hors engagement de pension pour dirigeant d’entreprise) et la pension libre complémentaire des travailleurs salariés qui ne disposent pas (ou plus) d’un engagement de pension sectoriel ni d’entreprise.Un lien étroit a été établi entre les pensions complémentaires et la carrière professionnelle des affiliés. L’accession à la pension complémentaire s’ouvre dorénavant à l’entrée dans la vie professionnelle. En outre, la pension complémentaire s’obtient désormais en même temps que la pension légale ou, à tout le moins, avec le droit d’en bénéficier.S’est ainsi constitué, prolongeant le régime légal des pensions, un système complet de sécurité sociale complémentaire en matière de pension, même s’il peut encore être amélioré et approfondi.

Keywords

Social security law --- Belgium --- Belgique --- Pensions --- Old age pensions --- Individual retirement accounts --- Pensions de vieillesse --- Epargne-retraite --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- aanvullend pensioen --- pensioenregeling --- gepensioneerde --- cumuleren van pensioenen --- BPB2009 --- STRADALEX --- трет пензиски столб --- eläkevastuurahasto --- bijkomend pensioen --- zvláštní důchod --- proporcionālā valsts pensija --- pensione integrativa --- ταμείο επικουρικής σύνταξης --- täiendav pension --- mimořádný důchod --- Ergänzungsrente --- atvaļināšanas fonds --- papildomoji pensija --- συμπληρωματική σύνταξη --- SERP --- doplňkové penzijní připojištění --- fond de pensionare --- κεφαλοποιητικό συνταξιοδοτικό ταμείο --- osobní důchod --- fundos de reforma --- pension complémentaire --- ταμείο συμπληρωματικής σύνταξης --- papildpensija --- додатна пензија --- papildoma pensija --- pensión complementaria --- lisapension --- pinsean forlíontach --- επικουρική σύνταξη --- kiegészítő nyugdíj --- retraite complémentaire --- doplnkový dôchodok --- dodatna mirovina --- lisäeläke --- Zusatzrente --- pensão complementar --- penzijní připojištění --- допълнителна пенсия --- tilläggspension --- pensie suplimentară --- pension suplementar --- pensjoni supplementari --- dodatna pokojnina --- supplerende pension --- дополнителна пензија --- emerytura dodatkowa --- pensione complementare --- supplementary pension --- eläkkeensaaja --- età pensionabile --- umirovljenik --- pensionēts darbinieks --- pensioenstelsel --- pensionné --- Rentenempfänger --- pensionamento --- pensionisaaja --- penzioner --- Rentner --- pensionist --- pensioengerechtigde leeftijd --- retired worker --- pensionista --- aposentado --- pensionerad person --- punonjës në pension --- право на старосна пензија --- penzista --- пензионер --- pensionstagare --- nyugalmazott --- išėjęs į pensiją darbuotojas --- pensionārs --- trattamento pensionistico --- Pensionär --- pensionati effettivi --- Ruhegeldempfänger --- afskedigelse med pension --- Ruhegehaltsempfänger --- pensioner --- пензионисана особа --- retired person --- duine ar scor --- upokojenec --- persuna rtirata --- pensionär --- pensioneret person --- eläkeläinen --- personne retraitée --- dôchodca --- důchodce --- pensionato --- pensininkas --- persona jubilada --- umirovljena osoba --- reformado --- nestrādājošs pensionārs --- пенсионер по старост --- emeryt --- συνταξιούχος --- pensionar --- Altersrentner --- пензионирано лице --- nyugdíjas --- mirovina --- assicurazione per la vecchiaia --- occupational pension --- skema tal-pensjonijiet --- subsidio de vejez --- foglalkozási nyugdíj --- piano pensionistico --- dávkový plán --- ouderdomspensioen --- vecuma pensija --- pension --- magánnyugdíj --- schéma dôchodkového zabezpečenia --- σχέδιο συνταξιοδότησης --- régime de pension --- allocation vieillesse --- συνταξιοδότηση --- penzijní pojištění --- darbavietas pensija --- Rentenversicherung --- retraite --- väljateenitud pension --- vanaduspension --- seguro de vejez --- Altersruhegeld --- σύνταξη γήρατος --- alderdomspension --- Ruhegehaltsregelung --- pensionikindlustus --- alderdomsydelse --- senatvės pensija --- Altersversicherung --- Ruhegehalt --- mokslininko pensija --- State pension --- pjan pensjonali --- eläke --- пенсионнен план --- pensione di anzianità --- pensijų sistema --- emerytura --- työeläke --- пенсия за старост --- pensionsförsäkring --- regime de pensões --- старосна пензија --- pension i moshës --- pensione sociale --- důchodový program --- amžiaus pensija --- ouderdomsuitkering --- pensão de reforma --- starosna mirovina --- senatvės draudimo sistema --- pinsean scoir --- ametipension --- kansaneläke --- sochar scoir --- vanhuuseläke --- dôchodok --- starobný dôchodok --- vanaduskindlustus --- valstybinė pensija --- assegno di vecchiaia --- pension profesional --- profesinė pensija --- sistem pokojninskega zavarovanja --- nyugdíjprogram --- pinsean gairme --- subsídio de velhice --- pensione di vecchiaia --- pensionsplan --- pensión de vejez --- pension de vieillesse --- pension plan --- penzijní plán --- државна пензија --- pinsean ceirde --- pensiju plāns --- old age pension --- pensión de jubilación --- důchodové pojištění --- důchod --- öregségi nyugdíj --- Ruhegeld --- retirement pension --- seguro de velhice --- åldersförsäkring --- ασφάλεια γήρατος --- pensão de velhice --- állami nyugdíj --- folkepension --- pension de retraite --- prijevremena starosna mirovina --- riiklik pension --- pirmojo laipsnio valstybinė pensija --- plan de pensii --- pensioniskeem --- assurance vieillesse --- alderdomsforsikring --- pension shtetëror --- pensione per raggiunti limiti d'età --- štátny dôchodok --- επίδομα γήρατος --- pensie de bătrânețe --- ouderdomsverzekering --- dôchodok zo zamestnania --- indennità di vecchiaia --- pensie --- valsts pensija --- eläkejärjestelmä --- pensionsordning --- regime pensionistico --- program emerytalny --- Altersversorgungssystem --- пензиони систем --- skema e pensioneve --- pensionssystem --- scéim pinsin --- nyugdíjrendszer --- pensiju shēma --- régime de retraite --- důchodový plán --- mirovinski sustav --- pension scheme --- skema ta’ pensjoni --- συνταξιοδοτικό σύστημα --- pokojninski načrt --- пенсионна схема --- dôchodkový plán --- plano de pensões --- plan de pensiones --- senatvės pensijų sistema --- пензиски систем --- sistem de pensii --- pensionisüsteem --- overlapping pension entitlement --- teisė į iš dalies sutampančią pensiją --- súbežný nárok na dôchodok --- eläke-etuuksien päällekkäisyys --- mbivendosje e të drejtës së pensionit --- Bezug mehrerer Renten --- drept la pensie suplimentară --- disciplina del cumulo delle pensioni --- kombination af pensioner --- acumulação de pensões --- cumulo delle pensioni --- скуп пензијских права --- kumulation af pensioner --- kumulování dávek --- acumulación de pensiones --- pensijas uzkrāšanas tiesības --- cumul de pensions --- pensioni kogumine --- teisė į kaupiamąją pensiją --- dreptul la pensie cumulată --- kumulation av pensioner --- kumulowanie się emerytur --- Rentenhäufung --- többszörös nyugdíjjogosultság --- seštevanje pokojnin --- kumulatívny nárok na dôchodok --- cumulative pension entitlement --- eläkkeiden kertymä --- e drejta e pensionit kumulativ --- кумулативно право на пензија --- kumulirana mirovinska prava --- σώρευση συντάξεων --- teidlíocht i leith pinsean carnach --- кумулативно право на пенсия --- intitolament għal pensjoni kumulattiva

The vanishing Irish: households, migration, and the rural economy in Ireland, 1850-1914
Author:
ISBN: 0691043078 0691628149 1400879825 0691653828 Year: 1997 Publisher: Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press

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In the years between the Great Famine of the 1840s and the First World War, Ireland experienced a drastic drop in population: the percentage of adults who never married soared from 10 percent to 25 percent, while the overall population decreased by one third. What accounted for this? For many social analysts, the history of post-Famine Irish depopulation was a Malthusian morality tale where declining living standards led young people to postpone marriage out of concern for their ability to support a family. The problem here, argues Timothy Guinnane, is that living standards in post-Famine Ireland did not decline. Rather, other, more subtle economic changes influenced the decision to delay marriage or not marry at all. In this engaging inquiry into the "vanishing Irish," Guinnane explores the options that presented themselves to Ireland's younger generations, taking into account household structure, inheritance, religion, cultural influences on marriage and family life, and especially emigration.Guinnane focuses on rural Ireland, where the population changes were most profound, and explores the way the demographic patterns reflect the rural Irish economy, Ireland's place as a small part in a much larger English-speaking world, and the influence of earlier Irish history and culture. Particular effort is made to compare Irish demographic behavior to similar patterns elsewhere in Europe, revealing an Ireland anchored in European tradition and yet a distinctive society in its own right.Originally published in 1997.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Keywords

History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- anno 1910-1919 --- anno 1900-1909 --- anno 1800-1899 --- Ireland --- Households --- History. --- Rural conditions. --- Emigration and immigration --- Population --- Families --- Home economics --- Irish Free State --- Adult. --- Appointee. --- Arthur Balfour. --- Aunt. --- Celibacy. --- Census. --- Charles Stewart Parnell. --- Congested Districts Board (Scotland). --- Corn Laws. --- County Wicklow. --- Demographic history. --- Demography. --- Developing country. --- Dowry. --- Economic power. --- Economic problem. --- Economics. --- Economy of the Republic of Ireland. --- Emigration. --- English Poor Laws. --- Eradication of infectious diseases. --- Eugenics. --- Extreme poverty. --- Family income. --- Famine. --- Fertility. --- Foray. --- Gombeen man. --- Grandparent. --- Great Depression in the United States. --- Great Famine (Ireland). --- Gresham's law. --- His Family. --- Household. --- Housing in the United Kingdom. --- Human overpopulation. --- Immigration to the United States. --- Impediment (canon law). --- Income. --- Internal migration. --- Irish Americans. --- Irish Catholic. --- Irish Poor Laws. --- Laborer. --- Land War. --- Late Marriage. --- Legitimacy (family law). --- Life table. --- Longevity. --- Make A Difference. --- Michael Davitt. --- Moneylender. --- Mortality displacement. --- Mortality rate. --- NEE. --- Nationalization. --- Navvy. --- Nazi propaganda. --- Opportunity cost. --- Oppression. --- Orange Order. --- Outdoor relief. --- Partible inheritance. --- Pauperism. --- Peasant. --- Peat. --- Penal Laws (Ireland). --- Pension. --- Pensioner. --- Plan of Campaign. --- Poor rate. --- Population Matters. --- Population ageing. --- Population decline. --- Population growth. --- Population projection. --- Prevalence. --- Primogeniture. --- Protestant Ascendancy. --- Publican. --- Purchasing power. --- Racial hygiene. --- Remarriage. --- Remittance. --- Rome Rule. --- Rural district. --- Rural housing. --- Scarcity. --- Sibling. --- Social Darwinism. --- Spinster. --- Standard of living. --- Subsistence crisis. --- Tax. --- Thomas Robert Malthus. --- Ultimogeniture. --- United Nations Development Programme. --- Urbanization. --- Western European marriage pattern. --- Workhouse. --- DEMOGRAPHIE HISTORIQUE --- IRLANDE --- CONDITIONS ECONOMIQUES --- 19E SIECLE --- CONDITIONS SOCIALES --- 20E SIECLE


Book
Utopianism for a dying planet : life after consumerism
Author:
ISBN: 0691236690 0691170045 0691236682 Year: 2023 Publisher: Princeton : Princeton University Press,

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In the face of Earth's environmental breakdown, it is clear that technological innovation alone won't save our planet. A more radical approach is required, one that involves profound changes in individual and collective behaviour. 'Utopianism for a Dying Planet' examines the ways the expansive history of utopian thought, from its origins in ancient Sparta and ideas of the Golden Age through to today's thinkers, can offer moral and imaginative guidance in the face of catastrophe. The utopian tradition, which has been critical of conspicuous consumption and luxurious indulgence, might light a path to a society that emphasizes equality, sociability, and sustainability.

Keywords

HISTORY / Modern / General. --- Environmentalism. --- Utopian socialism. --- Socialism, Utopian --- Socialism --- Environmental movement --- Social movements --- Anti-environmentalism --- Greenwashing --- Sustainable living --- Age of Enlightenment. --- All Souls' Day. --- Apollonian and Dionysian. --- Asceticism. --- Astrology. --- Atheism. --- Beyond Freedom and Dignity. --- Capitalism. --- Carbon footprint. --- Celebrity. --- Clothing. --- Commodity. --- Conspiracy theory. --- Consumerism. --- Counterculture. --- Dystopia. --- Earth Day. --- Ecocide. --- Ecofascism. --- Economic liberalism. --- Ecovillage. --- End of history. --- Environmental economics. --- Environmentalist. --- Epicureanism. --- Ethos. --- Facebook. --- Fiction. --- Fossil fuel. --- Fossil-fuel power station. --- Frank Lloyd Wright. --- Freedom From. --- Future of the Earth. --- Gas lighting. --- Gasoline. --- Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. --- Global warming. --- Gnosticism. --- Golden Age. --- Good and evil. --- Greenhouse gas. --- Heterotopia (space). --- Imaginary voyage. --- Insurance. --- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. --- James Tully (philosopher). --- Job guarantee. --- Karl Mannheim. --- Late capitalism. --- Liberal democracy. --- Libertarian Party (United States). --- Martyr. --- Marxism. --- Maxwell's demon. --- Melting. --- Methane (data page). --- New Utopia. --- Nuclear power. --- Nuclear weapon. --- Nuclear winter. --- Pensioner. --- Petrus Camper. --- Physiocracy. --- Planetes. --- Progressivism. --- Prosperity Without Growth. --- Ralph Waldo Emerson. --- Reform movement. --- Reincarnation. --- Relativism. --- Renewable energy. --- Renewable fuels. --- Restitution. --- Retirement. --- Save the Planet. --- Science fiction studies. --- Science fiction. --- Slavery. --- Southern Europe. --- Technological fix. --- The Angel of the Revolution. --- The Last Stage. --- The Most Extreme. --- The Revenge of Gaia. --- The Road to Serfdom. --- The World Without Us. --- Theodor W. Adorno. --- Theory. --- Thorstein Veblen. --- Totalitarianism. --- Urban revolution. --- Utopia. --- Utopian and dystopian fiction. --- Utopian studies. --- Veganism. --- Victory garden. --- Viewing (funeral). --- Wealth. --- World peace. --- Utopias.

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