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Three previous RAND volumes examined the record of American-, United Nations (UN)-, and European-led peacekeeping, peace enforcement, and postconflict stabilization operations. This volume considers similar missions by the African Union and several subregional African organizations. These missions range from mediation and traditional peacekeeping to peace enforcement and extended counterinsurgency campaigns. This report contains case studies of six of these missions in Burundi, the Central African Republic, Darfur, the Comoros, Somalia, and the Lake Chad Basin. The case studies are followed by a statistical comparison of U.S., UN, European, and African missions. The report concludes with recommendations for the relevant African institutions, the UN, and other organizations and governments interested in peace and security in Africa.Of the six missions examined, two were ultimately successful, and three have shown some progress. What is most remarkable and commendable about Africa's institutional role in regional peace operations is the level of cooperation generally achieved among the states most directly affected by these conflicts. African countries do not all agree with one another but instead have established effective consultation processes. They are also able to form ad hoc coalitions to pursue their shared interests. African-led peace operations have shown the flexibility to undertake a range of different types of tasks, up to and including high-intensity combat, under different subregional or continent-wide institutions, supported by varying partners. African institutions will likely develop new capabilities for peace operations, especially if new funds become available.

Peace-building --- Peacekeeping forces, African --- Africa.

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Military assistance, American --- Peacekeeping forces, African --- Equipment and supplies. --- Economic Community of West African States

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Peacekeeping forces, African. --- Genocide --- Genocide --- Humanitarian intervention --- Internetworking (Telecommunication) --- Prevention. --- Information technology

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Military assistance, American --- Peacekeeping forces, African --- Equipment and supplies. --- Economic Community of West African States --- Equipment and supplies.

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Taking the empirical case of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), this volume locates the peacekeeping operations of ECOWAS within an expanded post-Cold War conceptualization of humanitarian intervention. It examines the organization's capacity to protect civilians at risk in civil conflicts and to facilitate the processes of peacemaking and post-war peace-building.

HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION--AFRICA, WEST --- CONFLICT MANAGEMENT--AFRICA, WEST --- ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES --- ECOMOG --- PEACEKEEPING FORCES, AFRICAN--AFRICA, WEST --- Conflict management --- National security --- Peace-building --- Humanitarian intervention --- Regionalism --- National security policy --- NSP (National security policy) --- Security policy, National --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Military policy --- Conflict control --- Conflict resolution --- Dispute settlement --- Management of conflict --- Managing conflict --- Management --- Negotiation --- Problem solving --- Social conflict --- Crisis management --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Intervention (International law) --- Building peace --- Peacebuilding --- Peace --- Peacekeeping forces --- International cooperation. --- Government policy --- Economic Community of West African States. --- C.E.D.E.A.O. --- CEDEAO --- Communauté économique des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest --- Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África do Oeste --- Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África Ocidental --- E.C.O.W.A.S. --- ECOWAS