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Modern scholarship tends to understand Paul’s use of creation language (κτίσις) in Rom 8.18–23 as part of a commentary on the state of sub-human creation. This misguided position warrants an inquiry into the state of lexical study in New Testament scholarship. As a result, Fewster articulates a theory of lexical monosemy, cast in the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The model is applied to Paul’s use of κτίσις through a robust corpus analysis and investigation into the word's role within the paragraph. κτίσις contributes to the cohesive structure of Rom 8.18–23 and—contra the majority of interpreters—functions as a metaphor for the human body.

Creation --- Biblical teaching. --- Bible. --- Language, style. --- RELIGION / Biblical Studies / New Testament --- RELIGION / Biblical Studies / Paul's Letters

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A cursory glance at Hebrews' critique of Israel's fear at Sinai in Heb 12:18-29 suggests that the author has misunderstood or manipulated his sources. In the Pentateuch, the appointment of Moses as Israel's mediator receives explicit approval (Exod 19:9; Deut 5:28), while Heb 12:25 labels their request for mediation a "refusal" to heed the word of God. This book argues that Hebrews' use of the Sinai narratives resides on a complex trajectory established by four points: the Sinai covenant according to Exodus, the reenactment of that covenant according to Deuteronomy, the call for a NEW covenant according to Jeremiah, and the present reality of that covenant established by God and mediated by Jesus Christ.The basis for Hebrews' critique arises from its insight that while Israel's request established covenant-from-a-distance, Jesus demonstrates that true covenant mediation brings two parties into a single space. The purpose for Hebrews critique lies in its summons to Zion, the mountain on which Jesus sits at the right hand of God as the high priestly mediator of the new covenant.

Fear --- Failure (Psychology) --- 227.1*9 --- 227.1*9 Brief van Paulus aan de Hebreeën --- Brief van Paulus aan de Hebreeën --- Losing (Psychology) --- Psychology --- Fear of failure --- Success --- Fright --- Emotions --- Anxiety --- Horror --- Biblical teaching. --- Bible. --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- Christianity --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Biblical teaching --- Covenants --- Israel (Christian theology) --- Hebrews. --- Moses. --- Sinai. --- Zion. --- RELIGION / Biblical Studies / Paul's Letters.

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Virtually all scholars acknowledge the presence of opponents in 1 and 2 Timothy, but there is considerable disagreement over the identity of these opponents and the author's way of handling them. In this volume, Thornton provides a critique of a number of extant theories, including ""Gnostic, "" Jewish, and proto-Montanist identifications, and develops a rigorous methodology for unmasking the opponents who appear in these letters. He argues that the opponents came from within the Christian community in Ephesus and that their teaching is best described as an erroneous eschatological position tha.

Bible. --- Timothy (Books of the New Testament) --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- RELIGION --- Religion, Primitive --- Atheism --- Irreligion --- Religions --- Theology --- Biblical Studies --- Paul's Letters. --- New Testament. --- Hostility (Psychology) --- New Testament --- עוינות (פסיכולוגיה) --- Enmity --- Hostile behavior --- Psychology --- הברית החדשה. --- ביקורת, פרשנות וכד' --- Hostility --- Diseases --- Psychological aspects

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What accounts for the seemingly atypical pattern of scriptural exegesis that Paul uses to interpret Exodus 34 in 2 Cor 3:7-18? While previous scholars have approached this question from a variety of angles, in this monograph, Michael Cover grapples particularly with the evidence of contemporaneous Jewish and Greco-Roman commentary traditions. Through comparison with Philo of Alexandria's Allegorical Commentary, the Pseudo-Philonic homilies De Jona and De Sampsone, the Anonymous Theaetetus Commentary, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Seneca's Epistulae morales, and other New Testament texts, Paul's interpretation of Exodus emerges as part of a wider commentary practice that Cover terms "secondary-level exegesis." This study also provides new analysis of the way ancient authors, including Paul, interwove commentary forms and epistolary rhetoric and offers a reconstruction of the context of Paul's conflict with rival apostles in Corinth. At root was the legacy of Moses and of the Pentateuch itself, how the scriptures ought to be read, and how Platonizing theological and anthropological traditions might be interwoven with Paul's messianic gospel.

Greek literature --- 227.1*2 --- 227.1*2 Brieven van Paulus aan de Corinthiërs --- Brieven van Paulus aan de Corinthiërs --- Bible and literature --- Relation to the New Testament. --- Philo, --- Alexandria, --- Filon --- Filón, --- Filon, --- Filone, --- Philon, --- Philonis, --- Yedidyah, --- פילון --- פילון מאלכסנדריה --- פילון, --- פילון היהודי --- Филон Александрийский --- Filon Aleksandriĭskiĭ --- Pseudo-Philo --- Bible. --- Bible --- Antico Testamento --- Hebrew Bible --- Hebrew Scriptures --- Kitve-ḳodesh --- Miḳra --- Old Testament --- Palaia Diathēkē --- Pentateuch, Prophets, and Hagiographa --- Sean-Tiomna --- Stary Testament --- Tanakh --- Tawrāt --- Torah, Neviʼim, Ketuvim --- Torah, Neviʼim u-Khetuvim --- Velho Testamento --- Holy Scriptures (Bible) --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- History --- Criticism, interpretation, etc., Jewish. --- Biblia --- 2 Corinthians. --- 2. Korinther. --- Midrasch. --- Midrash. --- Moses. --- Philo von Alexandria. --- Philo. --- RELIGION / Biblical Studies / Paul's Letters. --- Relation to the New Testament