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Patronage, Political --- Patron and client --- Favoritisme --- Patron et client --- Economic aspects --- Aspect économique --- Rome --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Economic aspects. --- Economic conditions. --- Aspect économique --- Conditions économiques --- Clientela --- Clientelism --- Patronage, Roman --- Political patronage --- Spoils system --- Civil service reform --- Patronage, Political - Rome - Economic aspects. --- Patron and client - Rome - Economic aspects. --- Patron and client - Rome - Economic aspects --- Rome - Economic conditions --- Clientelism, Political --- Patron-client politics --- Political clientelism --- Political sociology

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The Roman Empire may be properly described as a consortium of cities (and not as set of proto national states). From the late Republic and into the Principate, the Roman elite managed the empire through insititutional and personal ties to the communities of the Empire. Especially in the Latin West the emperors encouraged the adoption of the Latin language and urban amenities, and were generous in the award of citizenship. This process, and ‘Romanization’ is a reasonable label, was facilitated by civic patronage. The literary evidence provides a basis for understanding this transformation from subject to citizen and for constructing a higher allegiance to the idea of Rome. We gain a more complete understanding of the process by considering the legal and monumental/epigraphical evidence that guided and encouraged such benefaction and exchange. This book uses all three forms of evidence to provide a deeper understanding of how patrocinium publicum served as a formal vehicle for securing the goodwill of the citizens and subjects of Rome.

Patron and client --- Community life --- Power (Social sciences) --- Patron et client --- Communauté --- Pouvoir (Sciences sociales) --- Rome --- Politics and government --- Social conditions --- Antiquities --- Politique et gouvernement --- Conditions sociales --- Antiquités --- Exchange --- History --- History. --- Social conditions. --- Politics and government. --- Antiquities. --- Communauté --- Antiquités --- Empowerment (Social sciences) --- Political power --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Political science --- Social sciences --- Sociology --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Clientela --- Clientelism --- Patronage, Roman --- Commerce --- Economic anthropology --- Economics --- Supply and demand --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Human ecology --- Patron and client - Rome - History --- Community life - Rome - History --- Power (Social sciences) - Rome - History --- Exchange - Rome - History --- Rome - Social conditions --- Rome - Politics and government --- Rome - Antiquities

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Cities throughout the Roman Empire flourished during the reign of Hadrian (A.D. 117-138), a phenomenon that not only strengthened and legitimized Roman dominion over its possessions but also revealed Hadrian as a masterful negotiator of power relationships. In this comprehensive investigation into the vibrant urban life that existed under Hadrian's rule, Mary T. Boatwright focuses on the emperor's direct interactions with Rome's cities, exploring the many benefactions for which he was celebrated on coins and in literary works and inscriptions. Although such evidence is often as imprecise as it is laudatory, its collective analysis, undertaken for the first time together with all other related material, reveals that over 130 cities received at least one benefaction directly from Hadrian. The benefactions, mediated by members of the empire's municipal elite, touched all aspects of urban life; they included imperial patronage of temples and hero tombs, engineering projects, promotion of athletic and cultural competitions, settlement of boundary disputes, and remission of taxes. Even as he manifested imperial benevolence, Hadrian reaffirmed the self-sufficiency and traditions of cities from Spain to Syria, the major exception being his harsh treatment of Jerusalem, which sparked the Third Jewish Revolt. Overall, the assembled evidence points to Hadrian's recognition of imperial munificence to cities as essential to the peace and prosperity of the empire. Boatwright's treatment of Hadrian and Rome's cities is unique in that it encompasses events throughout the empire, drawing insights from archaeology and art history as well as literature, economy, and religion.

Emperors --- Patron and client --- Municipal government --- Empereurs --- Patron et client --- Administration municipale --- Biography --- Biographies --- Hadrian, --- Influence. --- Rome --- History --- Histoire --- Cities and towns, Ancient --- Cities and towns --- -Emperors --- -Patron and client --- -Clientela --- Clientelism --- Patronage, Roman --- Rulers --- Sovereigns --- Heads of state --- Kings and rulers --- Monarchy --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban areas --- Urban systems --- Human settlements --- Sociology, Urban --- Administration --- Hadrian Emperor of Rome --- -Influence --- -Cities and towns --- Administrative and political divisions. --- -Administration --- Clientela --- Adrian, --- Hadrianus, --- Adriano, --- Hadrien, --- אדריאנוס, --- Emperors - Rome - Biography --- Patron and client - Rome. --- Cities and towns, Ancient - Rome.

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Patron and client --- Latin literature --- Authors and patrons --- Literary patrons --- Oratory, Ancient. --- History and criticism. --- -Latin literature --- -Oratory --- -Patron and client --- -Clientela --- Clientelism --- Patronage, Roman --- Argumentation --- Oratory, Primitive --- Speaking --- Language and languages --- Rhetoric --- Speeches, addresses, etc. --- Debates and debating --- Elocution --- Eloquence --- Lectures and lecturing --- Persuasion (Rhetoric) --- Public speaking --- Roman literature --- Classical literature --- Classical philology --- Latin philology --- Literary patronage --- Maecenatism --- Patronage of literature --- Sponsorship of literature --- Art patronage --- Literature and state --- History --- History and criticism --- Rome --- Social conditions. --- -History --- Oratory, Ancient --- Clientela --- Benefactors --- Patron and client - Rome. --- Latin literature - History and criticism. --- Authors and patrons - Rome. --- Literary patrons - Rome.

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Die Studie nimmt die bisherige Diskussion der Konversion in der Antike neu auf durch eine Verknüpfung von klassischen, epigraphischen und biblischen Quellen mit einer sozialwissenschaftlichen Methodologie. Der Autor hinterfragt dabei die bisher vorausgesetzte psychologische Kontinuität zwischen antiken und modernen Menschen und bietet statt dessen ein Modell, welches an den Denkvoraussetzungen der Antike selbst gebildet wurde. Die griechisch-römischen und mediterranen Religionen und Philosophien - also auch das hellenistische Judentum und das Christentum - orientierten sich an den Modellen von Patronat und Loyalität. Das Verständnis der antiken Konversion muss also hier ansetzen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch die "Bekehrung" des Paulus neu gedeutet. This monograph challenges the dominant psychological assumptions that attend modern treatments of ancient conversion and offers in its place a model based on categories the ancients themselves used: patronage and loyalty.

Psychologie en godsdienst --- Psychologie et religion --- Psychology and religion --- Religion and psychology --- Conversion --- Patron and client --- God --- Worship and love --- Paul, --- 292 --- Godsdiensten van Grieken en Romeinen. Klassieke mythologie --- Paul --- Psychology --- Christianity --- Rome --- Greece --- worship and love --- History of doctrines --- Clientela --- Clientelism --- Patronage, Roman --- Religious conversion --- Pavel, --- Pavol, --- Paulus von Tarsus, --- Paulos, --- Pōghos, --- Paweł, --- Paweł z Tarsu, --- Būlus, --- Pablo, --- Paulo de Tarso, --- Paolo di Tarso, --- Pál, --- Apostolos Paulos --- Saul, --- القديس بولس الرسول --- بولس، --- 사도바울 --- Conversion. --- Religion --- Love --- Worship --- Psychology, Religious --- Proselytizing --- Paulus, --- Pawełm --- Paulo, --- Paolo, --- Psychology and religion. --- Christianity. --- Worship and love. --- Patron and client - Rome --- Patron and client - Greece --- God - Worship and love --- Paul, - the Apostle, Saint - Conversion --- Paul, - the Apostle, Saint