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Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are among the most specialised molecules for the recognition and capture of specific analytes. Hundreds of thousands of mAbs have been generated for a large number of different antigens with increasing affinity and specificity and are available for the most diverse purposes. Many of them have been validated as irreplaceable agents for diagnosis and therapy or as unique reagents for research. Others have been developed using emerging technologies that avoid the need for animal immunisation. This short book strives to gather the perspective view of the various contributing authors and to survey the new strategic assets adopted to generate novel monoclonal antibodies or surrogates, such as Fab, Fab2, ScFv and nanobodies, which have an increasing impact in biomedicine as therapeutic or diagnostic assets in various diseases.

PRAME --- mAb --- bio-layer interferometry --- epitope identification --- monoclonal antibody --- free radical --- protein aggregation --- oxidation --- excipient --- foot-and-mouth disease virus --- type O --- type A --- phage display --- antibody --- competitive ELISA --- atherosclerosis --- nano-emulsion --- magnetic resonance imaging --- stealth --- human antibody --- C. auris --- candidiasis --- multidrug resistance --- monoclonal antibodies --- universal antibodies --- cell wall --- passive immunization --- cell-based panning --- semi-automated cell panning --- FGFR3-specific antibody

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Pregnancy is a viewed as a window to future health. With the birth of the developmental origins of human adult disease hypothesis, research and clinical practice has turned its attention to the influence of maternal factors such as health and lifestyle surrounding pregnancy as a means to understand and prevent the inter-generational inheritance of chronic disease susceptibility. Outcomes during pregnancy have long-lasting impacts on both women on children. Moreover, nutrition early in life can influence growth and the establishment of lifelong eating habits and behaviors. This Special Issue on “Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation: Implications for Maternal and Infant Health” is intended to highlight new epidemiological, mechanistic and interventional studies that investigate maternal nutrition around the pregnancy period on maternal and infant outcomes. Submissions may include original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

education --- 6?-sialyllactose --- milk composition --- growth chart --- overweight and obesity --- body composition --- pregnant women --- prenatal intervention --- thermal control --- slow digesting carbohydrates --- postpartum --- vitamin B12 --- micronutrients --- passive immunization --- antibodies --- physiological body-weight loss --- obesity --- proteolysis --- energy --- infant formula --- adolescents --- pregnancy --- gestational weight gain intervention --- randomized clinical trial --- food photography --- metabolic rate --- infancy --- micronutrient deficiency --- restraint --- folate --- nutrition --- lactation --- basal maintenance expenditure --- milk oligosaccharides --- maternal nutrition --- disinhibition --- weight retention --- DNA sequencing --- neuroplasticity --- generalized linear models --- metabolic flexibility --- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease --- prematurity --- full breastfeeding --- food cravings --- transcriptome --- maternal diet quality --- Healthy Eating Index --- human milk --- gestational weight gain --- energy expenditure --- lifestyle intervention --- RDA --- immunological properties --- mindful eating --- insulin-resistant pregnancy --- nutritional intervention --- DNA methylation --- neurobiology --- total sugars --- fetal growth --- overweight --- fetal development --- energy intake --- hippocampus --- race --- maternal obesity --- early programming --- uncontrolled and emotional eating --- breast milk --- health --- hepatic lipogenesis --- eating behavior --- physical activity --- Pregnancy --- meal replacements --- premature delivery --- sialic acid --- diet quality --- cognitive development --- iron --- growth --- breastfeeding

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Human milk is uniquely tailored to meet infants’ specific nutritional requirements. However, it is more than just “milk”. This dynamic and bioactive fluid allows mother–infant signalling over lactation, guiding the infant in the developmental and physiological processes. It exerts protection and life-long biological effects, playing a crucial role in promoting healthy growth and optimal cognitive development. The latest scientific advances have provided insight into different components of human milk and their dynamic changes over time. However, the complexity of human milk composition and the synergistic mechanisms responsible for its beneficial health effects have not yet been unravelled. Filling this knowledge gap will shed light on the biology of the developing infant and will contribute to the optimization of infant feeding, particularly that of the most vulnerable infants. Greater understanding of human milk will also help in elucidating the best strategies for its storage and handling. The increasing knowledge on human milk’s bioactive compounds together with the rapidly-advancing technological achievements will greatly enhance their use as prophylactic or therapeutic agents. The current Special Issue aims to welcome original works and literature reviews further exploring the complexity of human milk composition, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects associated with breastfeeding, and the factors and determinants involved in lactation, including its promotion and support.

high pressure processing --- n/a --- lipids --- supplementation --- protective factors --- infant --- carbohydrate --- mothers --- antioxidant capacity --- protein --- fat --- cytokines --- bioactive factors --- late preterm --- zinc --- infants --- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- pregnancy --- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) --- Lipidomics --- magnesium --- omega-3 fatty acids --- vitamin D deficiency --- flow injection analysis --- human milk benefits --- multiple source method --- 3?-sialyllactose (3?SL) --- milk banking --- milk group --- pasteurization --- video instruction --- Milk Fat Globule Membrane --- bile salt stimulated lipase --- breastfeeding difficulties --- breastfeeding support --- prematurity --- carotenoids --- hormones --- phosphocholine --- amino acids --- targeted metabolomics --- high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) --- choline --- selenium --- ?-linolenic acid --- arachidonic acid (ARA) --- docosahexaenoic acid --- human milk fortification --- protease inhibitors --- celiac disease --- copper --- term --- adipokines --- iodine --- mammary gland --- nutritional status --- food frequency questionnaire --- neonate --- early breastfeeding cessation --- prospective study --- breastfeeding --- mothers’ own milk --- disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) --- country --- lactating women --- undernourishment --- proteases --- preterm --- expressing --- dietary assessment --- retinol --- body composition --- duration of lactation --- passive immunization --- 2?-fucosyllactose (2?FL) --- phosphorus --- clinical trial --- growth factors --- infant formula --- digestive tract --- human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) --- sodium --- nutrition --- eicosapentaenoic acid --- lipid metabolites --- lactation --- nervonic acid --- ?-tocopherol --- macronutrients --- glycoprotein --- term infant --- term infants --- maternal diet --- promotion of breastfeeding --- potassium --- antioxidants --- maternal immunoglobulins --- Human Milk --- human milk --- Phospholipids --- flu vaccine --- lactational stage --- lactose --- storage --- dietary intake --- Preterm infant --- immune-active proteins --- colostrum --- human milk fat --- inadequate intake --- milk therapy --- endogenous peptide --- calcium --- fatty acids --- breast milk --- pumping --- secretor --- LC-MS --- n-9 fatty acid --- Lewis --- donor human milk --- antenatal --- online --- iron --- growth --- donor milk --- mothers' own milk