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This background paper documents that: (i) As primary users of education services, parents and community members have limited means in measuring the quality of their children's learning outcomes. Tes Cepat is a tool that is simple to administer and easy to understand, yet powerful for both citizens and teachers to act upon; (ii) Dissemination of Tes Cepat results involves relevant stakeholder groups, including parents, community members, teachers, and village officials. They have the skills and motivations to implement the resulting actions. Longer term success of these actions depends on partnerships or collaborations across all relevant education stakeholders; (iii) In KIAT Guru, resulting actions from Tes Cepat take form in the serviceindicators that community members and teachers agree upon. These indicators are consisted of actions that all relevant education stakeholderscan do to improve student's learning in school and at home; (iv) Availability of both paper and digital Tes Cepat provides options for communities to choose which format is most suitable to the quality of their human resources and physical infrastructure, including internet connectivity.

Accountability --- Education --- Education For All --- Participations and Civic Engagement --- Social Accountability --- Social Development

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This report covers four areas that had been identified by County officers from both the County Executive and the County Assembly as areas that have brought conflict and disharmony in Counties. These issues and challenges cut across Public Finance Management (PFM), public participation, functions and powers of the County actors and formed the basis for capacity building and training intervention that was provided through the Council of Governors (CoG) and Kenya School of Government (KSG) with the support from the Kenya Accountable Devolution Program (KADP). This brief report highlights the issues and challenges identified in four thematic areas and then provides the identified good practices and lessons learned that can be considered and implemented by County Governments. The first chapter discusses the PFM legal framework with reference to the fundamental processes of planning, budgeting, revenue, expenditure, and financial reporting and relates these to identified areas of conflict that are experienced while executing various PFM processes. The chapter also makes corresponding recommendations for good PFM practices in Counties. The second chapter highlights the challenges that County Governments have experienced in rolling out public participation and provides conceptual clarification and examples of good practices. The third chapter highlights areas that were recurring areas of misunderstanding and misinterpretation with regard to the Constitution and legislative framework on devolution (especially relating to functions and powers of the County Executive and County Assembly). Further, it articulates the Constitutional framework and interpretations of key provisions covering those areas of concern to facilitate common understanding that would help reduce recurring operational disharmony and conflicts. The fourth chapter highlights challenges that the County assemblies experience while executing their responsibilities with regard to fiscal matters and suggests good practices that should address these. This report is intended to be a simple, practical, go-to reference resource for County Executives and County Assemblies on common challenges that they experience while executing their roles and responsibilities and suggests good practices that can help them navigate through the challenges.

Civil Society --- Community Development and Empowerment --- Governance --- Participations and Civic Engagement --- Public Sector Development --- Social Development

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This report presents the findings of a rapid mapping and capacity assessment of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) operating in Guinea Bissau. The assessment aimed to understand the role of NGOs in targeted service delivery sectors and in social mobilization. The findings of the assessment will inform proposed capacity building support that the World Bank plans to provide to NGOs in Guinea Bissau to strengthen their role in supporting Citizen Engagement (CE) approaches. Currently, NGOs and religious oriented institutions, including the Catholic church, play a crucial role in service provision in Guinea Bissau, including basic services such as health and education. As such, various internal and external stakeholders identify an outsized role for NGOs to play in supporting accountable and responsive service delivery. In this regard, the mapping and capacity assessment focused on development-oriented NGOs operating at the national and/or local levels. Nearly all of the NGOs that participated in this study were formally registered organizations that were development-oriented entities, which were not purely charitable, religious- and/or advocacy-oriented entities. The study explicitly excluded NGOs that were strictly humanitarian and did not engage in developmental work. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in the course of the data collection, including desk and media research, questionnaires, structured surveys, key informant interviews, and focus groups. Prior to field research, desk and media reviews were conducted to aggregate historical perspectives on civil society in Guinea Bissau and to identify gaps in analysis. Combined, these methodologies provided a variety of ways to crosscheck the self-reported data and perspectives of focus group participants with more structured survey and interview data.

Civil Society --- Community Development and Empowerment --- Governance --- Participations and Civic Engagement --- Social Analysis --- Social Development

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The Community Building Primer is a publication of Communities Reinvented, a Center of Excellence within the World Bank Group whose mission is to enable teams, units and departments to create and sustain communities of practice in a way that fosters learning, collaboration and innovation across the entire institution and beyond to drive real development impact. The Primer provides concrete steps and tools to help you build a community of practitioners and/or online community. The primer is divided into four sections: community design and building; community management; work book; and resources.

Community Development and Empowerment --- Empowerment --- Participations and Civic Engagement --- Social Development --- Social Inclusion --- Social Inclusion and Institutions

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As social accountability (SA) initiatives in Indonesia continue to grow, evidence shows that mechanisms to engage citizens to monitor service provision and provide constructive feedback on large-scale programs in the public sector still need improvement. SA, or citizens' ability to hold governing actors and their partners accountable for their actions and commitments, is recognized as a fundamental right and an indispensable means of strengthening national health systems. The Government of Indonesia's commitment to improve basic service delivery to poor and vulnerable populations represents an opportunity to apply SA approaches to improve the access and quality of health services. This report aims to inform efforts to improve SA in Indonesia's health sector, particularly maternal and child health services. It gives an overview of common approaches to building social accountability, using examples from other comparable low- and middle-income countries, to extract lessons learned. It then analyses Indonesia's national regulatory and policy framework related to SA initiatives in the health sector. Next, it reviews Indonesian initiatives that have included SA components to identify programmatic opportunities, challenges, and remaining gaps for improving SA in Indonesia's health sector. Finally, it provides evidence-based recommendations for future SA policy and programming initiatives in Indonesia. Three common thematic SA approaches emerged from this review. These include: building awareness among communities, creating voice, and empowering action. This report finds that SA initiatives that include all three elements through multiple mechanisms are more likely to succeed. Programs need to develop comprehensive approaches that fit local contexts, accommodate multi-sector partnerships, and account for existing power dynamics and risks associated with increased decision-making authority. Efforts to prepare service providers and local officials to solicit routine citizen feedback on services, and to work with citizens to develop solutions that work for everyone, should be mainstreamed into all health system strengthening programs.

Health Policy --- Health Service Management and Delivery --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Participations and Civic Engagement --- Social Accountability --- Social Development