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By the late 19th century, twenty-nine Chinese ports were open for foreign trade. Often run by foreign commissioners and no longer subject to the stringent local laws, these ports levied one of the smallest import taxes in the world, and Chinese commerce exploded. Originally published in 1900, this account by William Barclay Parsons (1859-1932) investigates the ensuing surge of economic and industrial development in the eastern provinces. Including an introduction to China's history and the structure of its civil service, the book analyses the corrupt but ingenious world of customs officials, the importance of American cotton interests, and export statistics which reveal the huge smuggling operations that slipped around official embargoes. Set against a backdrop of electric lights and western labels in even the most closed of cities, this shows the early stages of today's global market.
Railroads --- Parsons, William Barclay, --- China --- Description and travel.
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Astronomie --- Sciences --- Astronomy --- Histoire. --- History. --- Kepler, Johannes, --- Galilei, Galileo, --- Newton, Isaac, --- Herschel, William, --- Rosse, William Parsons, --- Parsons, William,
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This is a revealing account of the family life and achievements of the Third Earl of Rosse, a hereditary peer and resident landlord at Birr Castle, County Offaly, in nineteenth-century Ireland, before, during and after the devastating famine of the 1840s. He was a remarkable engineer, who built enormous telescopes in the cloudy middle of Ireland. The book gives details, in an attractive non-technical style which requires no previous scientific knowledge, of his engineering initiatives and the astronomical results, but also reveals much more about the man and his contributions - locally in the.
Astronomers. --- Physical scientists --- Rosse, William Parsons, --- Parsons, William, --- Rosse, --- Anglo-Irish community. --- Birr Castle. --- Countess of Rosse. --- Irish climate. --- Spiral Galaxy. --- William Parsons. --- architectural initiative. --- astronomy. --- engineering. --- resident landlord. --- scientific research. --- spiral nebulae. --- telescopes. --- the Leviathan.
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Today we know much about the sky: how stars are born, how they live and die, and how the universe as a whole evolves. We have learned of the existence of another type of matter, indifferent to light and yet decisive for the formation of galaxies, and we have a hint of a dark energy that since the last 4.5 billion years has taken over the control of the cosmos. We postulated and then discovered and even photographed black holes and listened to the faint rustle of the space-time ripple produced when these monsters devour each other. We reached these astonishing results (recognized by a bunch of Nobel Prizes and filling every day the media with wonders for the eyes and the mind) by the marriage of physics and astronomy that unified the Earth with the sky and then by the leap forward of science and technology in the Twentieth Century. This rich heritage has ancient roots. It was built by accumulating discoveries with errors, observations with fantasies, myths, and superstitions with flashes of genius, over a span of millennia, since Homo sapiens, turning his eyes to the immutable and perfect sky, began to ask questions. The book is a narration of the answers to these questions that had evolved over time: a progressive path, inserted in the general history, with some second thoughts and many obstacles. This is a saga of men and machines where greatness sometimes mixes with misery and passion often borders on sacrifice and even martyrdom. Why should we know it? Because our current knowledge is the result of these efforts and of the preconceptions that accompanied them. The challenge has been to present this complex and intricate subject without resorting to any formulas, so that it can be accessible to a wide audience of curious people, including high school and university students and in general all those who normally keep themselves informed of scientific things. A rich bibliography has also been added in the appendix for those wishing to learn more on one or more topics
Astronomy --- Astronomie --- History. --- Histoire. --- Copernicus, Nicolaus, --- Kepler, Johannes, --- Brahe, Tycho, --- Galilei, Galileo, --- Cassini, Giovanni Domenico, --- Huygens, Christiaan, --- Bradley, James, --- Newton, Isaac, --- Herschel, William, --- Rosse, William Parsons, --- Fraunhofer, Joseph von, --- Kirchhoff, G. --- Huggins, William, --- Hale, George Ellery, --- Aristarchus, --- Leavitt, Henrietta Swan, --- Copernic, Nicolas, --- Cassini, Jean-Dominique, --- Parsons, William, --- Kirchhoff, Gustav, --- Aristarque de Samos,
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