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The World Bank has been collaborating with parliamentary finance, budget, and public accounts committees in the Western Balkans as part of a knowledge partnership focusing on strengthening financial oversight practices. Many parliaments recognize the critical role they play approving the budget and ensuring it achieves its stated goals in an efficient and effective manner consistent with parliament's appropriations. A gap persists between the international standards that touch upon the role of the parliament in the budget process - which have been developed by the global public finance community - and parliamentary assessment frameworks that speak to the performance of parliament, generally. The World Bank used international financial management standards and parliamentary assessment frameworks as the starting point for a multi-year initiative aimed at distilling and building consensus around financial oversight practices, reforms, successes, and challenges within the Western Balkans.
Governance --- National Governance --- Parliamentary Government --- Public Sector Development
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The World Bank has been collaborating with finance, budget, and public accounts committees in the Western Balkans as part of a knowledge partnership focusing on strengthening financial oversight practices. Despite some gains in external auditing performance, the region continues to underperform when it comes to legislative scrutiny of audit reports. Therefore, the knowledge partnership includes a focus on how finance, budget, and public accounts committees discharge their responsibilities to scrutinize government performance using the audit reports produced by Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) in the region. The network of the SAIs of European Union (EU) candidate countries and potential candidates and the European court of auditors has identified the working relationship between SAIs and parliaments as a critical component for effective external audit. This discussion note is intended as a primer for dialogue between parliaments, SAIs, and practitioners on how to better define and strengthen the relationship between the external audit and legislative scrutiny stakeholders. It outlines the context and challenges, and also frames some questions that can help stakeholders reflect on the existing and aspirational nature of the relationship. The discussion note proceeds in five parts. First, the context for the discussion is outlined. Second, the accountability relationship between SAIs and parliaments is explored. Third, the main challenges for effective external audit and financial oversight is reviewed. Fourth, global and regional external audit benchmarks will be detailed. Finally, the challenges for the Parliament-SAI relationship in the Western Balkans will be examined and discussion questions framed around three areas of mutual interest for SAIs and parliaments - SAI independence; examination of the audit reports by the parliament; and follow-up on recommendations based on the audit reports.
Democratic Government --- Governance --- National Governance --- Parliamentary Government --- Public Sector Development
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For eighteenth- and nineteenth-century authors such as Burke, Constant, and Mill, a powerful representative assembly that freely deliberated and controlled the executive was the defining institution of a liberal state. Yet these figures also feared that representative assemblies were susceptible to usurpation, gridlock, and corruption. Parliamentarism was their answer to this dilemma: a constitutional model that enabled a nation to be truly governed by a representative assembly. Offering novel interpretations of canonical liberal authors, this history of liberal political ideas suggests a new paradigm for interpreting the development of modern political thought, inspiring fresh perspectives on historical issues from the eighteenth to early twentieth centuries. In doing so, Selinger suggests the wider significance of parliament and the theory of parliamentarism in the development of European political thought, revealing how contemporary democratic theory, and indeed the challenges facing representative government today, are historically indebted to classical parliamentarism.
Representative government and representation --- Cabinet system --- Gobierno representativo --- Cabinet government --- Parliamentary government --- Political science --- History. --- Historia
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Cabinet system --- -Cabinet government --- Parliamentary government --- Political science --- Representative government and representation --- Sweden --- Politics and government. --- Theses --- -Sweden --- Cabinet government
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This volume explores the politics of minority government. Approximately one-third of parliamentary democracies are or are typically ruled by a minority government-a situation where the party or parties represented at cabinet do not between them hold a majority of seats in the national legislature. Minority governments are particularly interesting in parliamentary systems, where the government is politically responsible to parliament, can be removed by it, and needs (majority) support in the parliament to legislate. The volume analyzes the formation, functioning, and performance of minority governments, what we term the why, how, and how well of minority governments. Beginning with an overview of the concept of and puzzles surrounding minority governments in parliamentary systems, establishing the current terms of the debate, the volume presents thirteen in-depth case studies by leading country experts that provide rich, contextualized analyses of minority governments in different settings-covering Australia, Canada, France, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The concluding chapter draws broader, comparative-based conclusions from the country studies that pushes the literature forward and, we hope, sets a path for subsequent research on minority governments.
Cabinet system --- Coalition governments --- Comparative government --- Coalitions --- Cabinet government --- Parliamentary government --- Political science --- Representative government and representation --- Minorities --- Political activity
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Présentation de l'éditeur : "Le cabinet ministériel, lieu de pouvoir politique important, inscrit dans une permanence historique, se retrouve au coeur des contradictions de l'hypermodernité. Les membres de cabinets, hommes politiques de l'ombre, subissent flexibilité, instabilité et conditions de travail extrêmes. Ils se sentent « mal-aimés ». Le goût du pouvoir leur permet d'en supporter le coût. L'altérité de la fonction et la conscience d'exercer un pouvoir sur les êtres et sur le cours des choses contrebalancent un rythme de travail effréné et un don de soi. Acteurs de la confrontation entre leur mission traditionnelle et l'hypermodernité, ils expriment leur désenchantement et, pour certains, leur déprime. Se voulant pragmatiques, ils se lancent dans l'urgence et l'hyperactivité au détriment de la pensée et de l'utopie. La fonction politique est confrontée aux valeurs de l'idéologie gestionnaire en oeuvre dans les entreprises, dans la société et au coeur de l'État. Objectifs, moyens et objet des politiques publiques se transforment. Les acteurs vivent douloureusement ce questionnement du sens de leur action. À la lumière de la sociologie clinique et de la littérature managériale, sens et existence de la politique sont interrogés à travers le vécu et le discours des acteurs"
Cabinet officers --- Cabinet system --- Cabinet government --- Parliamentary government --- Political science --- Representative government and representation --- France --- Politics and government.
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Stakeholder dialogue, as an alternative institutional strategy for environmentally and socially sustainable development, has received little attention from researchers and practitioners in developing countries such as China, even though the dialogue strategy can potentially lead public governance to a more efficient level. This paper first discusses the potential of stakeholder dialogue as an institutional tool for promoting sustainable development in China, and then presents a pilot program of stakeholder dialogue recently developed in China-the community environmental roundtables. Community leaders organize roundtable dialogues where representatives from government agencies, companies and the local residents exchange their views toward certain environmental issues they are facing and discuss possible ways to resolve the issues. Informal agreements are reached during the dialogues and implemented after them. This community roundtable dialogue strategy has been piloted in dozens of Chinese municipalities, addressing various environmental issues. A survey of dialogue participants shows that significant impacts have been generated on environmental protection, community management, as well as social and institutional development at the community level. Mutual understanding and trust among the government, companies, and local citizens are enhanced, environmental and social conflicts are reduced, and the public performance of various parties has been improved. This approach is expected to help solve other conflicts and public governance issues in China as well. The potential challenges of institutionalizing such a program in China are also discussed in the paper.
Civil Society --- Energy --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Environmental Protection --- Governance Indicators --- National Governance --- Parliamentary Government --- Social Conflict --- Stakeholder Dialogue --- China
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Does online voting mobilize citizens who otherwise would not participate? During the annual participatory budgeting vote in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil-the world's largest-Internet voters were asked whether they would have participated had there not been an online voting option (i-voting). The study documents an 8.2 percent increase in total turn-out with the introduction of i-voting. In support of the mobilization hypothesis, unique survey data show that i-voting is mainly used by new participants rather than just for convenience by those who were already mobilized. The study also finds that age, gender, income, education, and social media usage are significant predictors of being online-only voters. Technology appears more likely to engage people who are younger, male, of higher income and educational attainment, and more frequent social media users.
Digital Divide --- ICT Policy and Strategies --- Internet --- National Governance --- Parliamentary Government --- Participation --- Participatory Budgeting --- Technology Industry --- Voting
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Stakeholder dialogue, as an alternative institutional strategy for environmentally and socially sustainable development, has received little attention from researchers and practitioners in developing countries such as China, even though the dialogue strategy can potentially lead public governance to a more efficient level. This paper first discusses the potential of stakeholder dialogue as an institutional tool for promoting sustainable development in China, and then presents a pilot program of stakeholder dialogue recently developed in China-the community environmental roundtables. Community leaders organize roundtable dialogues where representatives from government agencies, companies and the local residents exchange their views toward certain environmental issues they are facing and discuss possible ways to resolve the issues. Informal agreements are reached during the dialogues and implemented after them. This community roundtable dialogue strategy has been piloted in dozens of Chinese municipalities, addressing various environmental issues. A survey of dialogue participants shows that significant impacts have been generated on environmental protection, community management, as well as social and institutional development at the community level. Mutual understanding and trust among the government, companies, and local citizens are enhanced, environmental and social conflicts are reduced, and the public performance of various parties has been improved. This approach is expected to help solve other conflicts and public governance issues in China as well. The potential challenges of institutionalizing such a program in China are also discussed in the paper.
Civil Society --- Energy --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Environmental Protection --- Governance Indicators --- National Governance --- Parliamentary Government --- Social Conflict --- Stakeholder Dialogue --- China
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